Collapse to view only § 922.182 - Definitions.

§ 922.180 - Purpose.

(a) The purpose of the regulations in this subpart is to implement the designation of the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary by regulating activities affecting the resources of the Sanctuary or any of the qualities, values, or purposes for which the Sanctuary was designated, in order to protect, preserve, and manage the conservation, ecological, recreational, research, educational, historical, cultural, and aesthetic resources and qualities of the area. The regulations are intended to supplement and complement existing regulatory authorities; to facilitate to the extent compatible with the primary objective of protecting the humpback whale and its habitat, all public and private uses of the Sanctuary, including uses of Hawaiian natives customarily and traditionally exercised for subsistence, cultural, and religious purposes, as well as education, research, recreation, commercial and military activities; to reduce conflicts between compatible uses; to maintain, restore, and enhance the humpback whale and its habitat; to contribute to the maintenance of natural assemblages of humpback whales for future generations; to provide a place for humpback whales that are dependent on their Hawaiian Islands wintering habitat for reproductive activities, including breeding, calving, and nursing, and for the long-term survival of their species; and to achieve the other purposes and policies of the HINMSA and NMSA.

(b) These regulations may be modified to fulfill the Secretary's responsibilities for the Sanctuary, including the provision of additional protections for humpback whales and their habitat, if reasonably necessary, and the conservation and management of other marine resources, qualities and ecosystems of the Sanctuary determined to be of national significance. The Secretary shall consult with the Governor of the State of Hawaii on any modification to the regulations contained in this part. For any modification of the regulations contained in this part that would constitute a change in a term of the designation, as contained in the Designation Document for the Sanctuary, the Secretary shall follow the applicable requirements of sections 303 and 304 of the NMSA, and sections 2305 and 2306 of the HINMSA.

(c) Section 304(e) of the NMSA requires the Secretary to review management plans and regulations every five years, and make necessary revisions. Upon completion of the five year review of the Sanctuary management plan and regulations, the Secretary will repropose the Sanctuary management plan and regulations in their entirety with any proposed changes thereto. The Governor of the State of Hawaii will have the opportunity to review the re-proposed management plan and regulations before they take effect and if the Governor certifies any term or terms of such management plan or regulations as unacceptable, the unacceptable term or terms will not take effect in State waters of the Sanctuary.

§ 922.181 - Boundary.

(a) Except for excluded areas described in paragraph (b) of this section, the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary encompasses approximately 1,032 square nautical miles (nmi 2) (1,366 sq. mi.), and consists of the submerged lands and waters off the coast of the Hawaiian Islands seaward from the shoreline, cutting across the mouths of rivers and streams:

(1) To the 100-fathom (183 meter) isobath from Kailiu Point eastward to Mokolea Point, Kauai;

(2) To the 100-fathom (183 meter) isobath from Puaena Point eastward to Mahie Point, and from the Kapahulu Groin in Waikiki eastward to Makapuu Point, Oahu;

(3) To the 100-fathom (183 meter) isobath from Cape Halawa, Molokai, south and westward to Ilio Point, Molokai; southwestward to include Penguin Banks; eastward along the east side of Lanai; to the waters seaward of the three nautical mile limit north of Kahoolawe, to the Hanamanoia Lighthouse on Maui, and northward along the shoreline to Lipoa Point, Maui;

(4) To the deep water area of Pailolo Channel from Cape Halawa, Molokai, to Lipoa Point, Maui, and southward;

(5) To the 100-fathom (183 meter) isobath from Upolu Point southward to Keahole Point, Hawaii.

(b) Excluded from the Sanctuary boundary are the following commercial ports and small boat harbors:

Hawaii (Big Island) Kawaihae Boat Harbor & Small Boat Basin Lanai Kaumalapau Harbor, Manele Harbor Maui Lahaina Boat Harbor Maalaea Boat Harbor Molokai Hale o Lono Harbor Kaunakakai Harbor Oahu Kuapa Pond (Hawaii Kai)

(c) The coordinates of the lateral extents of each boundary area within the Sanctuary boundary appear in appendix A of this subpart Q.

[64 FR 66570, Nov. 29, 1999, as amended at 88 FR 970, Jan. 6, 2023]

§ 922.182 - Definitions.

(a) Acts means the Hawaiian Islands National Marine Sanctuary Act (HINMSA; sections 2301–2307 of Pub. L. 102–587), and the National Marine Sanctuaries Act (NMSA; also known as Title III of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA), as amended, 16 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.).

Adverse impact means an impact that independently or cumulatively damages, diminishes, degrades, impairs, destroys, or otherwise harms.

Alteration of the seabed means drilling into, dredging, or otherwise altering a natural physical characteristic of the seabed of the Sanctuary; or constructing, placing, or abandoning any structure, material, or other matter on the seabed of the Sanctuary.

Habitat means those areas that provide space for individual and population growth and normal behavior of humpback whales, and include sites used for reproductive activities, including breeding, calving and nursing.

Military activities means those military activities conducted by or under the auspices of the Department of Defense and any combined military activities carried out by the Department of Defense and the military forces of a foreign nation.

Sanctuary means the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary.

Sanctuary resource means any humpback whale, or the humpback whale's habitat within the Sanctuary.

Shoreline means the upper reaches of the wash of the waves, other than storm or seismic waves, at high tide during the season of the year in which the highest wash of the waves occurs, usually evidenced by the edge of vegetation growth, or the upper limit of debris left by the wash of the waves.

Take or taking a humpback whale means to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, collect or injure a humpback whale, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct. The term includes, but is not limited to, any of the following activities: collecting any dead or injured humpback whale, or any part thereof; restraining or detaining any humpback whale, or any part thereof, no matter how temporarily; tagging any humpback whale; operating a vessel or aircraft or doing any other act that results in the disturbing or molesting of any humpback whale.

(b) Other terms appearing in the regulations in this subpart are defined at 15 CFR 922.11, and/or in the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act, as amended, 33 U.S.C. 1401 et seq., and 16 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.

[64 FR 66570, Nov. 29, 1999, as amended at 88 FR 970, Jan. 6, 2023]

§ 922.183 - Allowed activities.

(a) All activities except those prohibited by § 922.184 may be undertaken in the Sanctuary subject to any emergency regulations promulgated pursuant to § 922.185, subject to the interagency cooperation provisions of section 304(d) of the NMSA [16 U.S.C. 1434(d)] and § 922.187 of this subpart, and subject to the liability established by section 312 of the NMSA and § 922.46 of this part. All activities are also subject to all prohibitions, restrictions, and conditions validly imposed by any other Federal, State, or county authority of competent jurisdiction.

(b) Included as activities allowed under the first sentence of paragraph (a) of this § 922.183 are all classes of military activities, internal or external to the Sanctuary, that are being or have been conducted before the effective date of these regulations, as identified in the Final Environmental Impact Statement/Management Plan. Paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(5) of § 922.184 do not apply to these classes of activities, nor are these activities subject to further consultation under section 304(d) of the NMSA.

(c) Military activities proposed after the effective date of these regulations are also included as allowed activities under the first sentence of paragraph (a) of this § 922.183. Paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(5) of § 922.184 apply to these classes of activities unless—

(1) They are not subject to consultation under section 304(d) of the NMSA and § 922.187 of this subpart, or

(2) Upon consultation under section 304(d) of the NMSA and § 922.187 of this subpart, NOAA's findings and recommendations include a statement that paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(5) of § 922.184 do not apply to the military activity.

(d) If a military activity described in paragraphs (b) or (c)(2) of this § 922.183 is modified such that it is likely to destroy, cause the loss of, or injure a Sanctuary resource in a manner significantly greater than was considered in a previous consultation under section 304(d) of the NMSA and § 922.187 of this subpart, or if the modified activity is likely to destroy, cause the loss of, or injure any Sanctuary resource not considered in a previous consultation under section 304(d) of the NMSA and § 922.187 of this subpart, the modified activity will be treated as a new military activity under paragraph (c) of this section.

(e) If a proposed military activity subject to section 304(d) of the NMSA and § 922.187 of this subpart is necessary to respond to an emergency situation and the Secretary of Defense determines in writing that failure to undertake the proposed activity during the period of consultation would impair the national defense, the Secretary of the military department concerned may request the Director that the activity proceed during consultation. If the Director denies such a request, the Secretary of the military department concerned may decide to proceed with the activity. In such case, the Secretary of the military department concerned shall provide the Director with a written statement describing the effects of the activity on Sanctuary resources once the activity is completed.

§ 922.184 - Prohibited activities.

(a) The following activities are prohibited and thus unlawful for any person to conduct or cause to be conducted.

(1) Approaching, or causing a vessel or other object to approach, within the Sanctuary, by any means, within 100 yards of any humpback whale except as authorized under the Marine Mammal Protection Act, as amended (MMPA), 16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq., and the Endangered Species Act, as amended (ESA), 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.;

(2) Operating any aircraft above the Sanctuary within 1,000 feet of any humpback whale except as necessary for takeoff or landing from an airport or runway, or as authorized under the MMPA and the ESA;

(3) Taking any humpback whale in the Sanctuary except as authorized under the MMPA and the ESA;

(4) Possessing within the Sanctuary (regardless of where taken) any living or dead humpback whale or part thereof taken in violation of the MMPA or the ESA;

(5) Discharging or depositing any material or other matter in the Sanctuary; altering the seabed of the Sanctuary; or discharging or depositing any material or other matter outside the Sanctuary if the discharge or deposit subsequently enters and injures a humpback whale or humpback whale habitat, provided that such activity:

(i) Requires a Federal or State permit, license, lease, or other authorization; and

(ii) Is conducted:

(A) Without such permit, license, lease, or other authorization, or

(B) not in compliance with the terms or conditions of such permit, license, lease, or other authorization.

(6) Interfering with, obstructing, delaying or preventing an investigation, search, seizure or disposition of seized property in connection with enforcement of either of the Acts or any regulations issued under either of the Acts.

(b) The prohibitions in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(5) of this § 922.184 do not apply to activities necessary to respond to emergencies threatening life, property or the environment; or to activities necessary for valid law enforcement purposes. However, while such activities are not subject to paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(5) of this § 922.184, this paragraph (b) does not exempt the activity from the underlying prohibition or restriction under other applicable laws and regulations (e.g., MMPA, ESA, and CWA).

(c) Any Sanctuary fishery regulations shall not take effect in Hawaii State waters until established by the State Board of Land and Natural Resources.

§ 922.185 - Emergency regulations.

Where necessary to prevent or minimize the destruction of, loss of, or injury to a Sanctuary resource, or to minimize the imminent risk of such destruction, loss, or injury, any and all activities are subject to immediate temporary regulation, including prohibition. Before issuance of such regulations the Director shall consult to the extent practicable with any relevant Federal agency and the Governor of the State of Hawaii. Emergency regulations shall not take effect in State waters of the Sanctuary until approved by the Governor of Hawaii.

§ 922.186 - Penalties; appeals.

(a) Pursuant to section 307 of the NMSA, each violation of either of the Acts, or any regulation in this subpart is subject to a civil penalty of not more than $100,000. Each such violation is subject to forfeiture of property or Sanctuary resources seized in accordance with section 307 of the NMSA. Each day of a continuing violation constitutes a separate violation.

(b) Regulations setting forth the procedures governing the administrative proceedings for assessment of civil penalties for enforcement reasons, issuance and use of written warnings, and release or forfeiture of seized property appear at 15 CFR Part 904.

(c) A person subject to an action taken for enforcement reasons for violation of these regulations or either of the Acts may appeal pursuant to the applicable procedures in 15 CFR Part 904.

§ 922.187 - Interagency Cooperation.

Under section 304(d) of the NMSA, Federal agency actions internal or external to a national marine sanctuary, including private activities authorized by licenses, leases, or permits, that are likely to destroy, cause the loss of, or injure any sanctuary resource are subject to consultation with the Director. The Federal agency proposing an action shall determine whether the activity is likely to destroy, cause the loss of, or injure a Sanctuary resource. To the extent practicable, consultation procedures under section 304(d) of the NMSA may be consolidated with interagency cooperation procedures required by other statutes, such as the ESA. The Director will attempt to provide coordinated review and analysis of all environmental requirements.

Appendix A - Appendix A to Subpart Q of Part 922—Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale, National Marine Sanctuary Boundary Description and Coordinates of the Lateral Boundary Closures and Excluded Areas.

Appendix A provides a text and pictoral (see Figures 1–3) description of the Sanctuary boundary with specific lateral closure points and exclusion areas. The lateral extents (bounds) of each boundary area are closed by straight lines defined by at least two points. It may be necessary to extend these lines beyond the defining points to intersect the actual 100 fathom contour or the shoreline. Each point corresponds to a bounds number indicated in Figure 2. Digital files of the Sanctuary boundary (available in three common formats, ESRI Shape File, MapInfo Table, and an ASCII Exchange Format) are available from the Sanctuary office in Kihei, Maui, at the address listed above or by calling (808) 879–2818. These digital geographies are the best available representation of the verbal legal delineation and were derived from: the Hawaiian shoreline as supplied by State of Hawaii through the Office of Planning GIS Office, the NOAA and State of Hawaii agreed upon lateral boundary and exclusion areas, and the 100 fathom isobath digitized from the following 1:80,000 scale NOAA nautical charts-19327—West Coast of Hawaii (9th ED, 4/29/89),

19347—Channels between Molokai, Maui, Lanai, and Kahoolawe (17th ED, 12/13/97), 19351—Channels between Oahu, Molokai, and Lanai (8th ED, 7/01/1989), 19357—Island of Oahu (20th ED, 9/21/1996), and 19381—Island of Kauai (8th ED, 7/17/1993)].

For the portion of the Lanai region of the HIHWNMS west of Chart 19351,[157°42.8′ west] the 100 fathom contour was derived from the 1:250,000 chart 19340—Hawaii to Oahu (24th ED, 1/09/1993).

All digital geography data have been referenced to WGS84 (NAD83) and have been converted to geographic (latitude and longitude) coordinates.

Sanctuary Boundary

A. As defined by the specific lateral boundaries in B, and except for excluded areas described in paragraph C of this section, the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary consists of the submerged lands and waters off the coast of the Hawaiian Islands seaward from the shoreline, cutting across the mouths of rivers and streams (see Figure 1):

1. To the 100-fathom (183 meter) isobath from Kailiu Point eastward to Mokolea Point, Kauai;

2. To the 100-fathom (183 meter) isobath from Puaena Point eastward to Mahie Point, and from the Kapahulu Groin in Waikiki eastward to Makapuu Point, Oahu;

3. To the 100-fathom (183 meter) isobath from Cape Halawa, Molokai, south and westward to Ilio Point, Molokai; southwestward to include Penguin Banks; eastward along the east side of Lanai; to the waters seaward of the three nautical mile limit north of Kahoolawe, to the Hanamanoia Lighthouse on Maui, and northward along the shoreline to Lipoa Point, Maui;

4. To the deep water area of Pailolo Channel from Cape Halawa, Molokai, to Lipoa Point, Maui, and southward;

5. To the 100-fathom (183 meter) isobath from Upolu Point southward to Keahole Point, Hawaii.

B. Lateral Closure Bounds for the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary Boundary (see Figure 2).

Bound No.
(fig. 2)
Geographic name Number of points Latitude Longitude 1aKailiu Pt., Kauai222.22353−159.58117 1bKailiu Pt., Kauai22.27597−159.59983 2aMokolea Pt., Kauai222.22497−159.38217 2bMokolea Pt., Kauai22.24872−159.37203 3aPuaena Pt., N Oahu221.64017−158.14056 3bPuaena Pt., N Oahu21.60233−158.10681 4aMahie Pt., N Oahu221.56036−157.86442 4bMahie Pt., N Oahu21.59228−157.83486 5aKapahulu Groin, S Oahu321.25158−157.84097 5bKapahulu Groin, S Oahu21.26836−157.82381 5cKapahulu Groin, S Oahu21.26839−157.82328 6aMakapuu Pt., S Oahu221.31100−157.64908 6bMakapuu Pt., S Oahu21.32908−157.59614 7aIlio Pt., Molokai221.22381−157.31272 7bIlio Pt., Molokai21.22417−157.25400 8aPailolo Channel, C. Halawa to Lipoa Pt221.02494−156.63944 8bPailolo Channel, C. Halaw to Lipoa Pt21.15819−156.71033 9aHanamanoia Lighthouse, Maui220.57272−156.44753 9bHanamanoia Lighthouse, Maui20.58289−156.41256 10a3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe5120.59947−156.49222 10b3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.59997−156.49250 10c3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.60108−156.49319 10d3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.60183−156.49358 10e3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.60453−156.49531 10f3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.60714−156.49719 10g3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.60961−156.49925 10h3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.61108−156.50061 10i3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.61217−156.50153 10j3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.61411−156.50336 10k3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.61639−156.50458 10l3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.63297−156.50631 10m3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.62169−156.50819 10n3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.62417−156.51022 10o3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.62653−156.51244 10p3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.62872−156.51483 10q3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.63081−156.51733 10r3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.63233−156.51944 10s3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.63306−156.52033 10t3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.63500−156.52297 10u3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.63572−156.52411 10v3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.63633−156.52497 10w3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.63811−156.52775 10x3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.63858−156.52861 10y3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.63983−156.53011 10z3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.64175−156.53278 10aa3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.64350−156.53553 10bb3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.64511−156.53842 10cc3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.64539−156.53903 10dd3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.64622−156.54053 10ee3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.64764−156.54353 10ff3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.64889−156.54658 10gg3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.64994−156.54975 10hh3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65083−156.55297 10ii3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65111−156.55436 10jj3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65122−156.55472 10kk3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65147−156.55586 10ll3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65189−156.55797 10mm3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65239−156.56131 10nn3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65247−156.56233 10oo3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65269−156.56378 10pp3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65281−156.56494 10qq3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65306−156.56675 10rr3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65336−156.57011 10ss3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65347−156.57344 10tt3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65344−156.57372 10uu3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65350−156.57514 10vv3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65339−156.57850 10ww3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65328−156.57992 10xx3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65325−156.58025 10yy3 Nmi. closure around Kahoolawe20.65314−156.58217 11aTechnical Closure220.69422−156.61875 11bTechnical Closure20.69583−156.63433 12aUpolu Pt., Hawaii (Big Island)220.26814−155.85014 12bUpolu Pt., Hawaii (Big Island)20.29997−155.85478 13aKeahole Pt., Hawaii (Big Island)219.72767−156.06186 13bKeahole Pt., Hawaii (Big Island)19.72819−156.07069
Bound No.
(fig.2)
Geographic name Number of points Latitude Longitude 14aKawaihae Harbor, Big Island exclusion220.03731−155.83403 14bKawaihae Harbor, Big Island exclusion20.04036−155.83269 15aHaleolono Harbor, Molokai exclusion221.08431−157.24961 15bHaleolono Harbor, Molokai exclusion21.08467−157.24867 16aKaunakakai Harbor, Molokai exclusion421.08719−157.02658 16bKaunakakai Harbor, Molokai exclusion21.08033−157.03286 16cKaunakakai Harbor, Molokai exclusion21.07736−157.02811 16dKaunakakai Harbor, Molokai exclusion21.08539−157.02083 17aKaumalapau Harbor, Lanai exclusion220.78589−156.99228 17bKaumalapau Harbor, Lanai exclusion20.78364−156.99203 18aManele Harbor, Lanai exclusion220.74256−156.88692 18bManele Harbor, Lanai exclusion20.74311−156.88725 19aLahaina Harbor, Maui exclusion220.87175−156.67917 19bLahaina Harbor, Maui exclusion20.87189−156.67889 20aMaalaea Harbor, Maui exclusion220.79225−156.50972 20bMaalaea Harbor, Maui exclusion20.79022−156.51100 21aWestern closure Kuapa Pond (Hawaii Kai), Oahu221.28528−157.71881 21bWestern closure Kuapa Pond (Hawaii Kai), Oahu21.28514−157.71861 22aEastern closure Kuapa Pond (Hawaii Kai), Oahu221.28147−157.71186 22bEastern closure Kuapa Pond (Hawaii Kai), Oahu21.28108−157.71119
[64 FR 66570, Nov. 29, 1999, as amended at 88 FR 972, Jan. 6, 2023]