(a) Claim means any request, demand, or submission:

(1) Made to the NEA for property, services, or money (including money representing grants, loans, insurance or benefits);

(2) Made to a recipient of property or services from the NEA, or to a party to a contract with the NEA for property or services if the United States:

(i) Provided such property or services;

(ii) Provided any portion of the funds for the purchase of such property or services; or

(iii) Will reimburse such recipient or party for the purchase of such property or services;

(3) Made to the NEA for the payment of money (including money representing grants, loans, insurance, or benefits) if the United States:

(i) Provided any portion of the money requested or demanded; or

(ii) Will reimburse such recipient or party for any portion of the money paid on such request or demand; or

(4) Made to the NEA which has the effect of decreasing an obligation to pay or account for property, services, or money.

(b) A claim can relate to grants, loans, insurance, or other benefits, and includes the NEA guaranteed loans made by participating lenders.

(c) Each voucher, invoice, claim form, or individual request or demand for property, services, or money constitutes a separate claim.

A claim is made to the NEA, when such claim is actually made to:

(a) An agent, fiscal intermediary, or other person or entity, including any State or political subdivision of a State, acting for or on behalf of the NEA; or

(b) A recipient of property, services, or money from the Government, or the party to a contract with the NEA.

(a) A claim submitted to the NEA is “false” if it:

(1) Is false, fictitious or fraudulent;

(2) Includes or is supported by a written statement which asserts or contains a material fact which is false, fictitious, or fraudulent;

(3) Includes or is supported by a written statement which is false, fictitious or fraudulent because it omits a material fact that you have a duty to include in the statement; or

(4) Is for payment for the provision of property or services which you have not provided as claimed.

(b) [Reserved]

(a) A statement means any written representation, certification, affirmation, document, record, or accounting or bookkeeping entry made with respect to a claim (including relating to eligibility to make a claim) or to obtain the approval or payment of a claim (including relating to eligibility to make a claim); or with respect to (including relating to eligibility for) a contract, bid or proposal for a contract with the NEA, or a grant, loan or other benefit from the NEA, including applications and proposals for such grants, loans, or other benefits, if the United States Government provides any portion of the money or property under such contract or for such grant, loan or benefit, or if the Government will reimburse any party for any portion of the money or property under such contract or for such grant, loan, or benefit.

(b) A statement is made, presented, or submitted to the NEA when such statement is actually made to an agent, fiscal intermediary, or other person or entity acting for or on behalf of the NEA, including any State or political subdivision of a State, acting for or on behalf of the NEA; or the recipient of property, services, or money from the Government; or the party to a contract with the NEA.

(a) A statement submitted to the NEA is a false statement if you make the statement, or cause the statement to be made, while knowing or having reason to know that the statement:

(1) Asserts a material fact that is false, fictitious, or fraudulent; or

(2) Is false, fictitious, or fraudulent because it omits a material fact that you have a duty to include in the statement and contains or is accompanied by an express certification or affirmation of the truthfulness and accuracy of the contents of the statement.

(b) Each written representation, certification, or affirmation constitutes a separate statement.