Collapse to view only § 45.51 - Types of ships.

§ 45.51 - Types of ships.

(a) For the purpose of this subpart, a type A vessel has—

(1) No cargo ports or similar sideshell openings below the freeboard deck;

(2) Only small freeboard deck openings fitted with watertight gasketed hatch covers of steel;

(3) No dimension of a freeboard deck cargo opening greater than 6 feet and the total area not exceeding 18 ft 2; and

(4) No more than two freeboard deck cargo openings to a single cargo space.

(b) For the purposes of this subpart a type B vessel is a vessel that does not meet the requirements in paragraph (a) of this section.

§ 45.53 - Summer freeboard.

(a) Except as required in paragraph (c) of this section, the minimum freeboard in summer for a type A vessel is F in the following formula modified by the corrections in this subpart:

F (inches) = 10.2 × P1 × D where P1 is defined in § 45.55 and D is the depth for freeboard in feet.

(b) Except as required in paragraph (c) of this section, the minimum freeboard in summer for a type B vessel is F in the formula modified by the corrections in this subpart:

F (inches) = 12 × P1 × D where P1 is defined by § 45.55 and D is the depth for freeboard in feet.

(c) Seasonal freeboards assigned under §§ 45.71 through 45.75 must be calculated on the basis of the summer freeboard calculated under paragraph (a) or (b) of this section.

(d) If a minimum freeboard is required for a vessel under this part which is greater than that required by paragraph (a) or (b) of this section because of scantling or subdivision requirements, the summer freeboard and the seasonal freeboards assigned under this subpart must be no less than that minimum freeboard, except the midsummer seasonal freeboard may be calculated on the basis of the summer freeboard assigned under this paragraph.

(e) If a greater than the calculated minimum freeboard is requested by the applicant for the load line certificate, that greater freeboard may be assigned as the summer freeboard and—

(1) The intermediate and winter seasonal freeboards assigned must be calculated under paragraph (a) or (b) of this section; and

(2) The midsummer seasonal freeboard must be calculated on the basis of the summer freeboard assigned under this paragraph.

§ 45.55 - Freeboard coefficient.

(a) For ships less than 350 feet in length (L), the freeboard coefficient is P1 in the formula:

P1=P + A[(L/D)-(L/Ds)] where P is a factor, which is a function of the length from table 1 and “A” is a coefficient, which is a function of length (L), from table 2; L/D is the ratio of the length (L) to the depth for freeboard (D); L/Ds is the ratio of the length (L) to a standard depth (Ds) from table 3.

D is not to be used as less than that which will give a ration of L to D that is:

(a) More than 15 when L = 400 feet or less, or

(b) More than 21 when L = 700 feet or more, with the ratio for intermediate lengths being calculated proportionately.

(b) For ships 350 feet or more in length (L), the coefficient “A” is zero and the formula is:

P1=P where P is a factor, which is a function of length from table (1).

§ 45.57 - Correction: Position of deckline.

(a) Where the depth to the upper edge of the deckline is greater or less than D, the difference between the depths must be added to or deducted from the freeboard.

(b) When the Commandant or the approved assigning authority approves a location for the deckline that is above or below the freeboard deck, the minimum summer freeboard must be corrected by—

(1) Adding the difference between the depth and D if the depth is greater than D; and

(2) Subtracting the difference between the depth and D, if the depth is less than D.

(c) Except for the adjustment allowed in paragraph (b) of this section, no freeboard of less than 2 in. may be assigned.

§ 45.58 - Correction: Short superstructure.

The minimum freeboard in summer for a type B vessel that is 79 ft. or more but less than 500 ft. in length and has enclosed superstructures with an effective length of 25 percent or less of the length of the vessel must be increased by—

0.03 (500—L) (0.25—E/L) inches where: (L) = length of vessel in feet; (E) = effective length of superstructure in feet as defined in § 45.59.

§ 45.59 - Definitions for superstructure corrections.

For the purpose of §§ 45.58 through 45.61—

(a) The standard height of a superstructure (Hs) other than a raised quarter deck and the standard height of a trunk (Hs) is determined by the formula:

Hs=[6.0 + (L/300)] ft

(b) The length of superstructure (S) is the length of those parts of the superstructure which extends to the sides of the vessel and that lie within the length (L).

(c) The effective length (E) of a trunk is its length in the ratio of its mean breadth to B.

(d) The effective length (E) of an enclosed superstructure of standard height or greater is its length “S”.

(e) Where the height of an enclosed superstructure or trunk is less than the standard height (Hs),the effective length (E) is its length reduced in the ratio of its height to Hs.

(f) The effective length (E) of a raised quarter deck of 2/3 Hs or greater that has no openings in the front bulkhead is its length up to a maximum of 0.6L.

(g) The effective length (E) of a raised quarter deck of less than 2/3 Hs or that does not have an intact front bulkhead is its length reduced by the ratio of its height to Hs.

Table 12(1)

tables of p values

Length of Ship (feet) Value of P 800.1100 900.1136 1000.1172 1100.1208 1200.1244 1300.1281 1400.1318 1500.1355 1600.1393 1700.1430 1800.1468 1900.1506 2000.1545 2100.1583 2200.1622 2300.1661 2400.1700 2500.1740 2600.1780 2700.1820 2800.1860 2900.1900 3000.1941 3100.1982 3200.2023 3300.2065 3400.2106 3500.2148 3600.2190 3700.2233 3800.2275 3900.2318 4000.2361 4100.2400 4200.2437 4300.2472 4400.2506 4500.2537 4600.2567 4700.2595 4800.2621 4900.2645 5000.2667 5100.2688 5200.2706 5300.2723 5400.2738 5500.2751 5600.2762 5700.2772 5800.2779 5900.2785 6000.2788 6100.2790 6200.2790 6300.2789 6400.2785 6500.2779 6600.2772 6700.2768 6800.2760 6900.2751 7000.2740 7100.2728 7200.2715 7300.2700 7400.2684 7500.2667 7600.2648 7700.2628 7800.2607 7900.2584 8000.2560 8100.2532 8200.2504 8300.2476 8400.2448 8500.2420 8600.2392 8700.2364 8800.2336 8900.2308 9000.2280 9100.2252 9200.2224 9300.2196 9400.2168 9500.2140 9600.2112 9700.2084 9800.2056 9900.2028 10000.2000

Table 12(2)

values of “a” for use in the expression

Length of Ship (feet) Value of “A” 800.00864 900.00806 1000.00750 1100.00696 1200.00644 1300.00594 1400.00546 1500.00500 1600.00456 1700.00414 1800.00374 1900.00336 2000.00300 2100.00266 2200.00234 2300.00204 2400.00176 2500.00150 2600.00126 2700.00104 2800.00084 2900.00066 3000.00050 3100.00036 3200.00024 3300.00014 3400.00006 3500.00000

Table 12(3)

values of l/ds

Length of Ship (feet) Value of L/D5806.50000 906.76563 1007.03125 1107.29688 1207.56250 1307.82813 1408.09375 1508.35938 1608.62500 1708.89063 1809.19625 1909.42188 2009.68750 2109.95313 22010.21875 23010.48438 24010.75000 25011.01563 26011.28125 27011.54688 28011.81250 29012.07813 30012.34375 31012.60938 32012.87500 33013.14063 34013.40625 35013.67188 36013.93750 37014.20313 38014.46875 39014.73438 40015.00000

(h) Superstructures which are not enclosed have no effective length.

(i) When a lower deck is designated as the freeboard deck, that part of the hull which extends above the freeboard deck is treated as a superstructure so far as concerns the application of the conditions of assignment and the calculation of freeboard.

(j) A bridge or poop is enclosed only when access is provided whereby the crew may reach accommodations, machinery, or other working spaces inside the superstructure by alternative means that are available at all times when bulkhead openings are closed.

§ 45.61 - Correction for superstructures and trunks.

(a) Where the effective length E of superstructures and trunks that meet the requirements of subpart D of this part is 1.0L, the minimum summer freeboard may be corrected by subtracting 1/2Hs.

(b) Where the effective length of superstructures and trunks is less than 1.0L the minimum summer freeboard may be corrected by subtracting a percentage of one-half of the standard superstructure height (Hs) determined by the formula:

Percentage = (E/2L) (1 + E/L) × 100

(c) To be eligible for the correction a trunk must—

(1) Be at least as strong and as stiff as a superstructure;

(2) Have no opening in the freeboard deck in way of the trunk, except small access openings;

(3) Have hatchway coamings and covers that meet §§ 45.143 through 45.147;

(4) Provide a permanent working platform fore and aft with guardrails;

(5) Provide fore and aft access between detached trunks and superstructures by permanent gangways;

(6) Be at least 60 percent of the breadth of the ship in way of the trunk; and

(7) Be at least 0.6 L in length, if no superstructure, is provided.

§ 45.63 - Correction for sheer.

(a) The minimum summer freeboard must be increased by the deficiency, or may be decreased by the excess as limited by § 45.65, of sheer calculated from table 4, multiplied by:

0.75—(S/2L) where S is the total length of enclosed superstructures. Trunks are not included.

§ 45.65 - Excess sheer limitations.

The decrease in freeboard allowed in § 45.63 is limited as follows:

Sheer Calculation—Table 4

Station Actual ordinate S. M. Product After Half: AP1 L/6-AP3 L/3-AP3 Midship1______________ Sum of Aft Products After Standard Sheer .2665L + 26.65 1______________ Difference: Sum-STD______________ + Excess/−Deficiency AFT Sheer: Diff ÷ 8______________ Excess/Deficiency Fwd. Half: span1 L/6-span3 L/3-span3 Midships1______________ Sum of Fwd Products Fwd Standard Sheer .5330L + 53.30 1______________ Difference: Sum-STD______________ + Excess/−Deficiency FWD Sheer: Diff ÷ 8______________ Excess/Deficiency

1 L in Standard Sheer = L or 500 whichever is less.

Sheer Summation

Aft Sheer±______________ Fwd Sheer±______________ Net Sheer±______________ Mean: Net−2______________ Excess/Deficiency

(a) In vessels having no enclosed superstructure from 0.1 L abaft amidships to 0.1 L forward of amidships, no decrease is allowed.

(b) In vessels having enclosed superstructures amidships less than 0.1 L before and abaft amidships, the decrease must be reduced by linear interpolation.

(c) If excess sheer exists in the forward half, and the after half is at least 75 percent of standard sheer, the full decrease is allowed. If the after sheer is between 50 percent and 75 percent of standard sheer an intermediate decrease, determined by linear interpolation, is allowed for the excess sheer forward. If the after sheer is 50 percent of standard or less, no decrease is allowed for the excess sheer forward.

(d) Where an enclosed poop or forecastle is of standard height with greater sheer than that of the freeboard deck, or is greater than standard height, an addition to the sheer of the freeboard deck may be made using the following formula:

S=vL′/3L Where s = sheer credit, to be deducted from the deficiency or added to the excess of sheer. v = difference between actual and standard height of superstructure at the end ordinate. L′ = mean enclosed length of poop or forecastle up to a maximum length of 0.5 L. The superstructure deck must not be less than standard height above this curve at any point. This curve must be used in determining the sheer profile for forward and after halves of the vessel.

(e) The maximum decreased for excess sheer must be no more than 1 1/2 inches per 100 feet of length.

(f) Where the deck of an enclosed superstructure has at least the same sheer as the exposed freeboard deck, the sheer of the enclosed portion of the freeboard deck cannot be taken into account.

§ 45.67 - Sheer measurement.

(a) The sheer is measured from the freeboard deck at side to a line of reference drawn parallel to the keel through the sheer line at amidships;

(b) In ships designed with a rake of keel or designed to trim by the stern, the sheer must be measured in reference to a line drawn through the sheer line at amidships parallel to the design load waterline.

(c) In flush deck ships and in ships with detached superstructures, the sheer must be measured at the freeboard deck.

(d) In ships with a step or break in the topsides, the sheer must be measured from the equivalent depth amidships.

(e) In vessels with a superstructure of standard height that extends over the whole length of the freeboard deck, the sheer must be measured on the superstructure deck. Where the height of superstructure exceeds the standard, the least difference (Z) between the actual and standard heights must be added to each end ordinate. Similarly, the intermediate ordinates at distance of 1/6 L and 1/3 L from each perpendicular must be increased by 0.444 Z and 0.111 Z respectively.

§ 45.69 - Correction for bow height.

(a) The minimum summer freeboard of all manned vessels must be increased by the same amount in inches as any deficiency which may be shown by the following formulas:

(1) For vessels having a length of not less than 79 feet and not greater than 550 feet,

0.593 L (1.0-L/1640) inches—actual bow height

(2) For vessels having a length greater than 550 feet,

(341.6—0.227 L) inches—actual bow height

(b) Where the bow height is obtained by sheer, the sheer must extend for at least 15 percent of the length of the vessel measured from the forward perpendicular.

(c) Where the bow height is obtained by a superstructure, the superstructure must be enclosed and extend from the stem to a point at least 0.06 L abaft the forward perpendicular.

(d) Vessels which, to suit exceptional operational requirements, cannot meet the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section may be given special consideration by the Commandant.

(e) The bow height is defined as the vertical distance at the forward perpendicular between the waterline corresponding to the assigned summer freeboard at the designed trim and the top of the exposed deck at side.

§ 45.71 - Midsummer freeboard.

The minimum midsummer freeboard (fms) in inches is obtained by the formula:

fms = f(s) − 0.3Ts where: f(s) = summer freeboard in inches Ts = distance in feet between top of keel and the summer load line.

§ 45.73 - Winter freeboard.

The minimum winter freeboard (fw) in inches is obtained by the formula:

fw=f(s) + T s (200)/L where: L = length L in feet but not less than 400 feet.

§ 45.75 - Intermediate freeboard.

The minimum intermediate freeboard (fI) in inches is obtained by the formula:

fI=f(s) + T s(100)/L where: L = length L in feet but not less than 400 feet.

§ 45.77 - Salt water freeboard.

(a) The salt water addition in inches to freeboard applicable to each fresh water mark is obtained by the formula:

Addition=Δ/41T where: Δ = displacement in fresh water, in tons of 2,240 pounds, at the summer load waterline. T = tons per inch immersion, of 2,240 pounds, in fresh water at the summer load waterline.

(b) When the displacement at the summer load waterline cannot be certified, the addition in inches to the minimum freeboard in fresh water may be obtained by multiplying 0.25 by the summer draught in feet measured from the top of the keel to the center of the load line diamond.