(a) General ruleReturns with respect to income taxes under subtitle A shall be made by the following:(1)(A) Every individual having for the taxable year gross income which equals or exceeds the exemption amount, except that a return shall not be required of an individual—(i) who is not married (determined by applying section 7703), is not a surviving spouse (as defined in section 2(a)), is not a head of a household (as defined in section 2(b)), and for the taxable year has gross income of less than the sum of the exemption amount plus the basic standard deduction applicable to such an individual,
(ii) who is a head of a household (as so defined) and for the taxable year has gross income of less than the sum of the exemption amount plus the basic standard deduction applicable to such an individual,
(iii) who is a surviving spouse (as so defined) and for the taxable year has gross income of less than the sum of the exemption amount plus the basic standard deduction applicable to such an individual, or
(iv) who is entitled to make a joint return and whose gross income, when combined with the gross income of his spouse, is, for the taxable year, less than the sum of twice the exemption amount plus the basic standard deduction applicable to a joint return, but only if such individual and his spouse, at the close of the taxable year, had the same household as their home.
Clause (iv) shall not apply if for the taxable year such spouse makes a separate return or any other taxpayer is entitled to an exemption for such spouse under section 151(c).
(B)
(C) The exception under subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any individual—(i) who is described in section 63(c)(5) and who has—(I) income (other than earned income) in excess of the sum of the amount in effect under section 63(c)(5)(A) plus the additional standard deduction (if any) to which the individual is entitled, or(II) total gross income in excess of the standard deduction, or
(ii) for whom the standard deduction is zero under section 63(c)(6).
(D) For purposes of this subsection—(i) The terms “standard deduction”, “basic standard deduction” and “additional standard deduction” have the respective meanings given such terms by section 63(c).
(ii) The term “exemption amount” has the meaning given such term by section 151(d). In the case of an individual described in section 151(d)(2), the exemption amount shall be zero.
(2) Every corporation subject to taxation under subtitle A;
(3) Every estate the gross income of which for the taxable year is $600 or more;
(4) Every trust having for the taxable year any taxable income, or having gross income of $600 or over, regardless of the amount of taxable income;
(5) Every estate or trust of which any beneficiary is a nonresident alien;
(6) Every political organization (within the meaning of section 527(e)(1)), and every fund treated under section 527(g) as if it constituted a political organization, which has political organization taxable income (within the meaning of section 527(c)(1)) for the taxable year;
(7) Every homeowners association (within the meaning of section 528(c)(1)) which has homeowners association taxable income (within the meaning of section 528(d)) for the taxable year; and
(8) Every estate of an individual under chapter 7 or 11 of title 11 of the United States Code (relating to bankruptcy) the gross income of which for the taxable year is not less than the sum of the exemption amount plus the basic standard deduction under section 63(c)(2)(C);
except that subject to such conditions, limitations, and exceptions and under such regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary, nonresident alien individuals subject to the tax imposed by section 871 and foreign corporations subject to the tax imposed by section 881 may be exempted from the requirement of making returns under this section.
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 732; Pub. L. 85–866, title I, § 72(a), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1660; Pub. L. 88–272, title II, § 206(b)(1), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 40; Pub. L. 91–172, title IX, § 941(a), (d), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 726; Pub. L. 92–178, title II, § 204(a), Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 511; Pub. L. 93–443, title IV, § 407, Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1297; Pub. L. 93–625, § 10(b), Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2119; Pub. L. 94–12, title II, § 201(b), Mar. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 29; Pub. L. 94–164, § 2(a)(2), Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 970; Pub. L. 94–455, title IV, § 401(b)(3), title XIX, § 1906(b)(13)(A), title XXI, § 2101(c), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1556, 1834, 1899; Pub. L. 95–30, title I, § 104, May 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 139; Pub. L. 95–600, title I, §§ 101(c), 102(b)(1), 105(d), title IV, § 404(c)(8), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2770, 2771, 2776, 2870; Pub. L. 95–615, § 202(g)(5), formerly § 202(f)(5), Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3100, renumbered § 202(g)(5), Pub. L. 96–222, title I, § 108(a)(1)(A), Apr. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 223; Pub. L. 96–589, §§ 3(b), 6(i)(5), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3400, 3410; Pub. L. 97–34, title I, §§ 104(d)(1), 111(b)(3), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 189, 194; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, § 412(b)(3), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 792; Pub. L. 99–514, title I, § 104(a)(1), title XV, § 1525(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2103, 2749; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, § 1001(b)(2), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3349; Pub. L. 105–34, title III, § 312(d)(11), title XII, § 1225, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 840, 1019; Pub. L. 106–230, § 3(a)(1), July 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 482; Pub. L. 107–276, § 3(a), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1931; Pub. L. 111–226, title II, § 219(b)(1), Aug. 10, 2010, 124 Stat. 2403; Pub. L. 115–97, title I, § 11041(e), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2085; Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, § 401(a)(255)–(257), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1196.)