1. U.S. Code
  2. title 10
  3. subtitle A
  4. part IV
  5. chapter 169
  6. subchapter III
  7. § 2866

Collapse to view only § 2866. Water conservation at military installations

§ 2851. Supervision of military construction projects
(a)Supervision of Military Department Projects.—Each contract entered into by the United States in connection with a military construction project or a military family housing project shall be carried out under the direction and supervision of a Secretary of a military department or Government agency (as approved by the Secretary of Defense) to assure the most efficient, expeditious, and cost-effective completion of the project.
(b)Supervision of Defense Agency Projects.—A military construction project for an activity or agency of the Department of Defense (other than a military department) financed from appropriations for military functions of the Department of Defense shall be accomplished by or through a military department designated by the Secretary of Defense.
(c)Maintenance of Military Construction Information on Internet; Access.—
(1) The Secretary of Defense shall maintain an Internet site that will permit a person to access and view on a separate page of the Internet site a document or other file containing the information required by paragraph (2) for the following:
(A) Each military construction project or military family housing project that has been specifically authorized by Act of Congress.
(B) Each project carried out with funds authorized for the operation and maintenance of military family housing.
(C) Each project carried out with funds authorized for the improvement of military family housing units.
(D) Each unspecified minor construction project carried out under the authority of section 2805(a) of this title.
(E) Each military department project with a total cost in excess of $15,000,000 for Facilities Sustainment, Restoration, and Modernization.
(F) Each military construction project, military department Facilities Sustainment, Restoration, and Modernization project, or military family housing project regarding which a statutory requirement exists to notify Congress.
(2) The information to be provided via the Internet site required by paragraph (1) for each project described in such paragraph shall include the following:
(A) The solicitation date and award date (or anticipated dates) for each contract entered into (or to be entered into) by the United States in connection with the project.
(B) The contract recipient, contract award amount, construction milestone schedule proposed by the contractor, and construction completion date stipulated in the awarded contract.
(C) The most current Department of Defense Form 1391, Military Construction Project Data, for the project.
(D) The progress of the project, including the percentage of construction currently completed and the current estimated construction completion date.
(E) The current contract obligation of funds for the project, including any changes to the original contract award amount.
(F) If funds appropriated for the project have been diverted for use in another project, the project to which the funds were diverted and the amount so diverted.
(G) For accounts such as planning and design, unspecified minor construction, and family housing operation and maintenance, detailed information regarding expenditures and anticipated expenditures under these accounts and the purposes for which the expenditures are made.
(3) The information required to be provided for each project described in paragraph (1) shall be made available on the Internet site required by such paragraph not later than 90 days after the award of a contract or delivery order for the project. The Secretary of Defense shall update the required information as promptly as practicable, but not less frequently than once a month, to ensure that the information is available in a timely manner.
(d)Report on Supervision of Large Military Construction Projects.—Before the award of a contract of a value greater than $500,000,000 in connection with a military construction project, the individual directing and supervising such military construction project under subsection (a) or the individual designated pursuant to subsection (b) (as applicable) shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the intended supervision, inspection, and overhead plan to manage such military construction project. Each such report shall include the following:
(1) A determination of the overall funding intended to manage the supervision, inspection, and overhead of the military construction project.
(2) An assessment of whether a Department of Defense Field Activity directly reporting to such individual should be established.
(3) A description of the quality assurance approach to the military construction project.
(4) The independent cost estimate described in section 3221(b)(6)(A) of this title.
(5) The overall staffing approach to oversee the military construction project for each year of the contract term.
(e)Annual Report on Schedule Delays.—Not later than March 1 of each year (beginning with 2018), the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the House of Representatives and Senate a report on each military construction project or military family housing project for which, as of the end of the most recent fiscal year, the estimated completion date is more than 1 year later than the completion date proposed at the time the contract for the project was awarded.
(Added Pub. L. 97–214, § 2(a), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 163; amended Pub. L. 109–163, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2803(a), (c), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3505, 3506; Pub. L. 111–383, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2801, Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4458; Pub. L. 115–91, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2822, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1855; Pub. L. 117–81, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2801(a), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2184; Pub. L. 117–263, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2806(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2995; Pub. L. 119–60, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2808(a), Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1298.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2851

§ 2851a. Supervision of military housing by Chief Housing Officer
(a)In General.—The Assistant Secretary of Defense for Energy, Installations, and Environment shall serve as the Chief Housing Officer, who shall oversee family housing and military unaccompanied housing under the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense or acquired or constructed under subchapter IV of this chapter (in this section referred to as “covered housing units”).
(b)Principal Duties.—
(1) The Chief Housing Officer shall oversee all aspects of the provision of covered housing units, including the following:
(A) Creation and standardization of policies and processes regarding covered housing units.
(B) Oversight of the administration of any Department of Defense-wide policies regarding covered housing units, to include, in coordination with the Secretaries of the military departments, the housing documents developed pursuant to section 2890 of this title entitled Military Housing Privatization Initiative Tenant Bill of Rights and Military Housing Privatization Initiative Tenant Responsibilities.
(2) The duties specified in paragraph (1) may not be further delegated.
(Added Pub. L. 116–92, div. B, title XXX, § 3012(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1921, § 2890a; renumbered § 2851a and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2811(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4323; Pub. L. 117–263, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2807, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2995.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2851a

§ 2852. Military construction projects: waiver of certain restrictions
(a) The Secretary of Defense and the Secretaries of the military departments may carry out authorized military construction projects and authorized military family housing projects without regard to subsections (a) and (b) of section 3324 of title 31.
(b) Authority to carry out a military construction project or a military family housing project may be exercised on land not owned by the United States—
(1) before title to the land on which the project is to be carried out is approved under section 3111 of title 40; and
(2) even though the land will be held in other than a fee simple interest in a case in which the Secretary of the military department concerned determines that the interest to be acquired in the land is sufficient for the purposes of the project.
(c) In the case of a military construction project or a military family housing project, the contract amount thresholds specified in subchapter III of chapter 31 of title 40 (commonly referred to as the Miller Act) shall be applied by substituting “$150,000” for “$100,000” for purposes of determining when a performance bond and payment bond are required under section 3131 of such title and when alternatives to payment bonds as payment protections for suppliers of labor and materials are required under section 3132 of such title.
(Added Pub. L. 97–214, § 2(a), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 164; amended Pub. L. 97–295, § 1(35), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1296; Pub. L. 97–321, title VIII, § 805(a)(1), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1573; Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, § 1303(a)(19), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 739; Pub. L. 107–217, § 3(b)(20), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1297; Pub. L. 112–81, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2803, Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1685.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2852

§ 2853. Authorized cost and scope of work variations
(a)Cost Variations Authorized; Limitation.—Except as provided in subsection (c), (d), or (e), the cost authorized for a military construction project or for the construction, improvement, and acquisition of a military family housing project may be increased or decreased by not more than 25 percent of the total authorized cost of the project or 200 percent of the minor construction project ceiling specified in section 2805(a) of this title, whichever is less, if the Secretary concerned determines that such revised cost is required for the sole purpose of meeting unusual variations in cost and that such variations in cost could not have reasonably been anticipated at the time the project was authorized by Congress.
(b)Scope of Work Variations Authorized; Limitation.—
(1) Except as provided in subsection (c), the scope of work for a military construction project or for the construction, improvement, and acquisition of a military family housing project may be reduced by not more than 25 percent from the amount specified for that project, construction, improvement, or acquisition in the justification data provided to Congress as part of the request for authorization of the project, construction, improvement, or acquisition. Any reduction in scope of work for a military construction project shall not result in a facility or item of infrastructure that is not complete and useable or does not fully meet the mission requirement contained in the justification data provided to Congress as part of the request for authorization of the project, construction, improvement, or acquisition.
(2) Except as provided in subsection (d), the scope of work for a military construction project or for the construction, improvement, and acquisition of a military family housing project may not be increased above the amount specified for that project, construction, improvement, or acquisition in the justification data provided to Congress as part of the request for authorization of the project, construction, improvement, or acquisition.
(3) In this subsection, the term “scope of work” refers to the function, size, or quantity of a facility or item of complete and useable infrastructure contained in the justification data provided to Congress as part of the request for authorization of the project, construction, improvement, or acquisition.
(c)Exceptions to Limitation on Cost Variations and Scope of Work Reductions.—
(1)
(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (D), the Secretary concerned may waive the percentage or dollar cost limitation applicable to a military construction project or a military family housing project under subsection (a) and approve an increase in the cost authorized for the project in excess of that limitation if the Secretary concerned notifies the appropriate committees of Congress of the cost increase in the manner provided in this paragraph.
(B) The notification required by subparagraph (A) shall—
(i) identify the amount of the cost increase and the reasons for the increase;
(ii) certify that the cost increase is sufficient to meet the mission requirement identified in the justification data provided to Congress as part of the request for authorization of the project; and
(iii) describe the funds proposed to be used to finance the cost increase.
(C) A waiver and approval by the Secretary concerned under subparagraph (A) shall take effect only after the end of the 14-day period beginning on the date on which the notification required by such subparagraph is received by the appropriate committees of Congress in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title.
(D) The Secretary concerned may not use the authority provided by subparagraph (A) to waive the cost limitation applicable to a military construction project with a total authorized cost greater than $500,000,000 or a military family housing project with a total authorized cost greater than $500,000,000 if that waiver would increase the project cost by more than 50 percent of the total authorized cost of the project.
(E) In addition to the notification required by this paragraph, subsection (f) applies whenever a military construction project or military family housing project with a total authorized cost greater than $40,000,000 will have a cost increase of 25 percent or more. Subsection (f) may not be construed to authorize a cost increase in excess of the limitation imposed by subparagraph (D).
(2)
(A) The Secretary concerned may waive the percentage or dollar cost limitation applicable to a military construction project or a military family housing project under subsection (a) and approve a decrease in the cost authorized for the project in excess of that limitation if the Secretary concerned notifies the appropriate committees of Congress of the cost decrease not later than 14 days after the date funds are obligated in connection with the project.
(B) The notification required by subparagraph (A) shall be provided in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title.
(3)
(A) The Secretary concerned may waive the limitation on a reduction in the scope of work applicable to a military construction project or a military family housing project under subsection (b)(1) and approve a scope of work reduction for the project in excess of that limitation if the Secretary concerned notifies the appropriate committees of Congress of the reduction in the manner provided in this paragraph.
(B) The notification required by subparagraph (A) shall—
(i) describe the reduction in the scope of work and the reasons for the decrease; and
(ii) certify that the mission requirement identified in the justification data provided to Congress can still be met with the reduced scope.
(C) A waiver and approval by the Secretary concerned under subparagraph (A) shall take effect only after the end of the 14-day period beginning on the date on which the notification required by such subparagraph is received by the appropriate committees of Congress in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title.
(d)Exceptions to Limitation on Scope of Work Increases.—
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (4), the Secretary concerned may waive the limitation on an increase in the scope of work applicable to a military construction project or a military family housing project under subsection (b)(1) and approve an increase in the scope of work for the project in excess of that limitation if the Secretary concerned notifies the appropriate committees of Congress of the reduction in the manner provided in this subsection.
(2) The notification required by paragraph (1) shall describe the increase in the scope of work and the reasons for the increase.
(3) A waiver and approval by the Secretary concerned under paragraph (1) shall take effect only after the end of the 14-day period beginning on the date on which the notification required by such paragraph is received by the appropriate committees of Congress in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title.
(4) The Secretary concerned may not use the authority provided by paragraph (1) to waive the limitation on an increase in the scope of work applicable to a military construction project or a military family housing project and approve an increase in the scope of work for the project that would increase the scope of work by more than 10 percent of the amount specified for the project in the justification data provided to Congress as part of the request for authorization of the project.
(e)Additional Cost Variation Exceptions.—The limitation on cost variations in subsection (a) does not apply to the following:
(1) The settlement of a contractor claim under a contract.
(2) The costs associated with the required remediation of an environmental hazard in connection with a military construction project or military family housing project, such as asbestos removal, radon abatement, lead-based paint removal or abatement, or any other legally required environmental hazard remediation, if the required remediation could not have reasonably been anticipated at the time the project was approved originally by Congress.
(f)Additional Reporting Requirement for Certain Cost Increases.—
(1) In addition to the notification sent under paragraph (1) of subsection (c) of a cost increase with respect to a project, the Secretary concerned shall provide an additional report notifying the congressional defense committees of any military construction project or military family housing project with a total authorized cost greater than $40,000,000 that has a cost increase of 25 percent or more.
(2) The report under paragraph (1) shall include the following—
(A) A description of the specific reasons for the cost increase and the specific organizations and individuals responsible.
(B) A description of any ongoing or completed proceedings or investigation into a government employee, prime contractor, subcontractor, or non-governmental organization that may be responsible for the cost increase, and the status of such proceeding or investigation.
(C) If any proceeding or investigation identified in subparagraph (B) resulted in final judicial or administrative action, the following:
(i) In the case of a judicial or administrative action taken against a government employee, the report shall identify the individual’s organization, position within the organization, and the action taken against the individual, but shall exclude personally identifiable information about the individual.
(ii) In the case of a judicial or administrative action taken against a prime contractor, subcontractor, or non-governmental organization, the report shall identify the prime contractor, subcontractor, or non-governmental organization and the action taken against the prime contractor, subcontractor, or non-governmental organization.
(D) A summary of any changes the Secretary concerned believes may be required to the organizational structure, project management and oversight practices, policy, or authorities of a government organization involved in military construction projects as a result of problems identified and lessons learned from the project.
(3) If any proceeding or investigation described in paragraph (2)(C) is still ongoing at the time the Secretary concerned submits the report under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall provide a supplemental report to the congressional defense committees not later than 30 days after such proceeding or investigation has been completed. If such proceeding or investigation resulted in final judicial or administrative action against a government employee, prime contractor, subcontractor, or non-governmental organization, the Secretary shall include in the supplemental report the information required by paragraph (2)(C).
(4) Each report under this subsection shall be cosigned by the senior engineer authorized to supervise military construction projects and military family housing projects under section 2851(a).
(5) The Secretary shall send the report required under paragraph (1) with respect to a project not later than 180 days after the Secretary sends to the appropriate committees of Congress the notification under paragraph (1) of subsection (c) of a cost increase with respect to the project.
(g)Relation to Other Law.—Notwithstanding the authority under subsections (a) through (f), the Secretary concerned shall ensure compliance of contracts for military construction projects and for the construction, improvement, and acquisition of military family housing projects with section 1341 of title 31 (commonly referred to as the “Anti-Deficiency Act”).
(Added Pub. L. 97–214, § 2(a), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 164; amended Pub. L. 98–407, title VIII, § 807, Aug. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1521; Pub. L. 100–26, § 7(f)(2), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 281; Pub. L. 100–180, div. B, subdiv. 3, title I, §§ 2312, 2313, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1217, 1218; Pub. L. 101–189, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2808, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1648; Pub. L. 104–106, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2817, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 553; Pub. L. 107–107, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2802, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1305; Pub. L. 108–375, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2803, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2121; Pub. L. 109–163, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2804(a)–(c)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3506; Pub. L. 109–364, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2806, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2468; Pub. L. 111–84, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2803, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2661; Pub. L. 112–81, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2802(c)(2), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1685; Pub. L. 112–239, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2801, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2146; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, § 1071(f)(24), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3511; Pub. L. 114–328, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2803, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2712; Pub. L. 115–91, div. B, title XXVIII, §§ 2801(c)(1), 2821, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1843, 1853; Pub. L. 116–283, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2803(a), (b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4319, 4320; Pub. L. 117–81, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2802, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2184; Pub. L. 117–263, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2808, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2996.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2853

§ 2854. Restoration or replacement of damaged or destroyed facilities
(a) Subject to subsection (b), the Secretary concerned may repair, restore, or replace a facility under his jurisdiction, including a family housing facility, that has been damaged or destroyed.
(b) When a decision is made to carry out construction under subsection (a) and the cost of the repair, restoration, or replacement is greater than the maximum amount for a minor construction project, the Secretary concerned shall notify the appropriate committees of Congress of that decision, of the justification for the project, of the current estimate of the cost of the project, of the source of funds for the project, and of the justification for carrying out the project under this section. The project may then be carried out only after the end of the 14-day period beginning on the date the notification is received by such committees in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title.
(c)
(1) In using the authority described in subsection (a) to carry out a military construction project to replace a facility, including a family housing facility, that has been damaged or destroyed, the Secretary concerned may use appropriations available for operation and maintenance if—
(A) the damage or destruction to the facility was the result of a natural disaster or a terrorism incident; and
(B) the Secretary submits a notification to the appropriate committees of Congress of the decision to carry out the replacement project, and includes in the notification—
(i) the current estimate of the cost of the replacement project;
(ii) the source of funds for the replacement project;
(iii) in the case of damage to a facility rather than destruction, a certification that the replacement project is more cost-effective than repair or restoration; and
(iv) a certification that deferral of the replacement project for inclusion in the next Military Construction Authorization Act would be inconsistent with national security or the protection of health, safety, or environmental quality, as the case may be.
(2) A replacement project under this subsection may be carried out only after the end of the 7-day period beginning on the date on which a copy of the notification described in paragraph (1) is provided in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title.
(3) The maximum aggregate amount that the Secretary concerned may obligate from appropriations available for operation and maintenance in any fiscal year for replacement projects under the authority of this subsection is $300,000,000.
(Added Pub. L. 97–214, § 2(a), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 165; amended Pub. L. 102–190, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2870(7), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1563; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, § 1031(a)(45), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1602; Pub. L. 115–91, div. B, title XXVIII, §§ 2801(c)(2), 2805, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1843, 1846; Pub. L. 116–92, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2803, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1882; Pub. L. 119–60, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2813, Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1302.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2854

§ 2854a. Conveyance of damaged or deteriorated military family housing; use of proceeds
(a)Authority To Convey.—
(1) The Secretary concerned may convey any family housing facility that, due to damage or deterioration, is in a condition that is uneconomical to repair. Any conveyance of a family housing facility under this section may include a conveyance of the real property associated with the facility conveyed.
(2) The authority of this section does not apply to family housing facilities located at military installations approved for closure under a base closure law or family housing facilities located at an installation outside the United States at which the Secretary of Defense terminates operations.
(3) The aggregate total value of the family housing facilities conveyed by the Department of Defense under the authority in this subsection in any fiscal year may not exceed $5,000,000.
(4) For purposes of this subsection, a family housing facility is in a condition that is uneconomical to repair if the cost of the necessary repairs for the facility would exceed the amount equal to 70 percent of the cost of constructing a family housing facility to replace such facility.
(b)Consideration.—
(1) As consideration for the conveyance of a family housing facility under subsection (a), the person to whom the facility is conveyed shall pay the United States an amount equal to the fair market value of the facility conveyed, including any real property conveyed along with the facility.
(2) The Secretary concerned shall determine the fair market value of any family housing facility and associated real property that is conveyed under subsection (a). Such determination shall be final.
(c)Notice and Wait Requirements.—
(1) The Secretary concerned may enter into an agreement to convey a family housing facility under this section only after the end of the 14-day period beginning on the date on which the Secretary submits, in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title, to the appropriate committees of Congress a notice containing a justification for the conveyance under the agreement.
(2) A notice under paragraph (1) shall include—
(A) an estimate of the consideration to be provided the United States under the agreement;
(B) an estimate of the cost of repairing the family housing facility to be conveyed; and
(C) an estimate of the cost of replacing the family housing facility to be conveyed.
(d)Inapplicability of Certain Property Disposal Laws.—The following provisions of law do not apply to the conveyance of a family housing facility under this section:
(1) Subtitle I of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41.
(2) Title V of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11411 et seq.).
(e)Use of Proceeds.—
(1) The proceeds of any conveyance of a family housing facility under this section shall be credited to the appropriate fund established under section 2883 of this title and shall be available—
(A) to construct family housing units to replace the family housing facility conveyed under this section, but only to the extent that the number of units constructed with such proceeds does not exceed the number of units of military family housing of the facility conveyed;
(B) to repair or restore existing military family housing; and
(C) to reimburse the Secretary concerned for the costs incurred by the Secretary in conveying the family housing facility.
(2) Notwithstanding section 2883(d) of this title, proceeds derived from a conveyance of a family housing facility under this section shall be available under paragraph (1) without any further appropriation.
(f)Description of Property.—The exact acreage and legal description of any family housing facility conveyed under this section, including any real property associated with such facility, shall be determined by such means as the Secretary concerned considers satisfactory, including by survey in the case of real property.
(g)Additional Terms and Conditions.—The Secretary concerned may require such additional terms and conditions in connection with the conveyance of family housing facilities under this section as the Secretary considers appropriate to protect the interests of the United States.
(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2818(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 553; amended Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, § 1048(d)(1), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1227; Pub. L. 107–217, § 3(b)(21), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1297; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, § 1031(a)(46), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1602; Pub. L. 111–350, § 5(b)(49), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3846; Pub. L. 115–91, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2801(c)(3), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1843.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2854a

§ 2855. Law applicable to contracts for architectural and engineering services and construction design
(a) Contracts for architectural and engineering services and construction design in connection with a military construction project or a military family housing project shall be awarded in accordance with chapter 11 of title 40.
(b)
(1) In the case of a contract referred to in subsection (a), if the Secretary concerned estimates that the initial award of the contract will be in an amount less than the threshold amount determined under paragraph (2), the contract shall be awarded in accordance with the set aside provisions of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 631 et seq.).
(2) The threshold amount under paragraph (1) is $1,000,000.
(3) This subsection does not restrict the award of contracts to small business concerns under section 8(a) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(a)).
(Added Pub. L. 97–214, § 2(a), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 166; amended Pub. L. 98–407, title VIII, § 808(a), Aug. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1521; Pub. L. 107–217, § 3(b)(22), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1297; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XIV, § 1427(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1670; Pub. L. 115–232, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2804(a), (b), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2261.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2855

§ 2856. Military unaccompanied housing: standards
(a)Local Comparability in Floor Areas.—In the construction, acquisition, and improvement of covered military unaccompanied housing, the Secretary concerned shall ensure that the floor areas of such housing in a particular locality (as designated by the Secretary concerned for purposes of this section) do not exceed the floor areas of similar housing in the private sector in that locality, except for purposes of meeting minimum area requirements under subsection (b)(1)(A).
(b)Floor Space and Number of Members Allowed.—In the design and configuration of covered military unaccompanied housing, the Secretary of Defense shall establish uniform design standards that—
(1) provide a minimum area of floor space, not including bathrooms or closets, per individual occupying a unit of covered military unaccompanied housing;
(2) ensure that not more than two individuals may occupy such a unit; and
(3) provide definitions and measures that specify—
(A) criteria of design;
(B) quality of construction material to be used; and
(C) levels of maintenance to be required.
(c)Covered Military Unaccompanied Housing.—For purposes of this section, section 2856a, and section 2856b, the term “covered military unaccompanied housing” means Government-owned military housing intended to be occupied by members of the armed forces serving a tour of duty unaccompanied by dependents.
(Added Pub. L. 97–214, § 2(a), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 166; amended Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIII, § 1301(19), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1668; Pub. L. 109–364, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2807(a)(1), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2468; Pub. L. 118–31, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2831(a)(1), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 753; Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title XVII, § 1701(a)(31), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2205.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2856

§ 2856a. Covered military unaccompanied housing: waivers of covered privacy and configuration standards and covered health and safety standards
(a)Procedures for Issuance of Certain Waivers.—Any waiver of covered privacy and configuration standards or covered health and safety standards shall be issued in accordance with the following:
(1) A commander of a military installation desiring a waiver of covered privacy and configuration standards or covered health and safety standards shall submit to the Secretary of the military department concerned a request for such waiver.
(2) A Secretary of a military department may approve a request under paragraph (1) only if such Secretary has exhausted all options available to such Secretary to provide housing that meets covered privacy and configuration standards or covered health and safety standards (as applicable), including the—
(A) use of available privately-owned military housing;
(B) modification of unit integrity goals to allow the use of each available unit of covered military unaccompanied housing that meets covered privacy and configuration standards or covered health and safety standards (as applicable); and
(C) issuance of a certificate of nonavailability of covered military unaccompanied housing to allow eligibility for basic allowance for housing under section 403 of title 37.
(3) An official described in paragraph (1) or (2) may not delegate the respective authorities under such paragraphs.
(4) Any waiver of covered privacy and configuration standards or covered health and safety standards issued pursuant to this paragraph shall terminate on the date that is 15 months after the date on which such waiver was issued. A Secretary of a military department may not renew any such waiver.
(b)Annual Report on Waivers.—Not later than March 1, 2025, and annually thereafter not later than 15 days after the submission of the budget of the President to Congress pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the House of Representatives and the Senate and the Comptroller General of the United States a report on waivers issued under this section that includes—
(1) the number of such waivers that were issued during the period covered by the report;
(2) a plan to remedy the deficiencies, if any, of covered military unaccompanied housing that required the issuance of such a waiver, and a timeline to implement such plan;
(3) a strategy to remedy issues, if any, caused by covered military unaccompanied housing that did not comply with applicable standards;
(4) a strategy to remedy the factors, if any, that require a commander of a military installation to submit to the applicable Secretary of a military department a request for consecutive waivers of applicable standards, including a timeline for the implementation of such strategy;
(5) an analysis of strategies to remedy the factors described in paragraph (4), including—
(A) projects to modernize existing covered military unaccompanied housing to comply with applicable standards;
(B) projects to construct new covered military unaccompanied housing; and
(C) modifications to relevant policies of the Department of Defense, excluding such policies relating to infrastructure;
(6) an assessment of whether a need for future waivers has been identified;
(7) a summary of the analysis performed under subsection (a)(2), including a certification by the Secretary of each military department that the Secretary has—
(A) complied with the requirements for issuing a waiver; and
(B) identified all covered military unaccompanied housing that does not meet covered privacy and configuration standards or covered health and safety standards;
(8) information about costs associated with remediation of covered military unaccompanied housing that requires such waivers, including—
(A) funding needs for military construction projects related to such remediation;
(B) funding needs for facilities sustainment, restoration, and modernization projects related to such remediation; and
(C) any increase required to the basic allowance for housing under section 403 of title 37 for members of the armed forces that would otherwise be living in covered military unaccompanied housing but for the need for such remediation; and
(9) a description of the status of the response of the Department to open recommendations contained in the 2023 report by the Comptroller General of the United States titled “Military Barracks: Poor Living Conditions Undermine Quality of Life and Readiness” (GAO–23–105797), including any privacy and configuration standard or health and safety standard of a military department that differs from the covered privacy and configuration standards or covered health and safety standards (as applicable).
(c)Definitions.—In this section:
(1) The term “covered health and safety standard” means the minimum health and safety criteria applicable to covered military unaccompanied housing established by the Secretary of Defense and may include standards relating to mold, ventilation, fire safety, or other related habitability conditions necessary to ensure safe occupancy.
(2) The term “covered privacy and configuration standard” means the minimum standards for privacy and configuration applicable to covered military unaccompanied housing described in Department of Defense Manual 4165.63 titled “DoD Housing Management” and dated October 28, 2010 (or a successor document).
(Added Pub. L. 118–31, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2833(b), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 755; amended Pub. L. 118–159, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2824, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2256; Pub. L. 119–60, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2822, Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1305.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2856a

§ 2856b. Covered military unaccompanied housing: standards for habitability
(a)Standards Required.—For the purposes of assigning a member of the armed forces to a unit of covered military unaccompanied housing, the Secretary of Defense shall establish uniform minimum standards for covered military unaccompanied housing, that shall include minimum requirements for—
(1) condition;
(2) habitability, health, and environmental comfort;
(3) safety and security; and
(4) any other element the Secretary of Defense determines appropriate.
(b)Limitation on Issuance of Waivers.—Any waiver of a uniform standard described in subsection (a) may only be issued by a Secretary of a military department.
(c)Certification.—The Secretary of Defense shall include, in conjunction with the submission of the budget of the President to Congress pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, a certification from each Secretary of a military department to the congressional defense committees that the cost for all needed repairs and improvements for each occupied covered military unaccompanied housing facility under the jurisdiction of such Secretary does not exceed 20 percent of the replacement cost of such facility, as mandated by Department of Defense Manual 4165.63 titled “DoD Housing Management” and dated October 28, 2010 (or a successor document).
(Added and amended Pub. L. 118–31, div. B, title XXVIII, §§ 2832(a), 2834, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 754, 757.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2856b

§ 2857. Window fall prevention devices in military family housing units
(a)Requiring Use of Devices on Certain Windows.—
(1)Requirement.—The Secretary concerned shall ensure that if a window in any military family housing unit is described in subsection (c), including a window designed for emergency escape or rescue, the window is equipped with fall prevention devices described in paragraph (3).
(2)Effective date.—Paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to the following military family housing units:
(A) A unit for which the contract for the construction of the unit is first entered into after October 1, 2019.
(B) Any other unit which is subject to a whole-house renovation project for which the contract is entered into on or after October 1, 2019.
(3)Fall prevention device described.—A fall prevention device is a window screen or guard that complies with applicable standards in ASTM standard F2090–13 (or any successor standard).
(b)Retrofitting or Replacing Existing Windows.—
(1)Program to retrofit existing windows.—The Secretary concerned shall carry out a program under which, in military family housing units which are not subject to the requirements of subsection (a), windows which are described in subsection (c), including windows designed for emergency escape or rescue, are retrofitted to be equipped with fall prevention devices described in paragraph (3) of subsection (a) or are replaced with windows which are equipped with fall prevention devices described in such paragraph.
(2)Grants.—The Secretary concerned may carry out the program under this subsection by making grants to private entities to retrofit or replace existing windows, in accordance with such criteria as the Secretary may establish by regulation.
(3)Use of operations funding.—The Secretary may carry out the program under this subsection during a fiscal year with amounts made available to the Secretary for family housing operations for such fiscal year.
(c)Windows Described.—A window is described in this subsection if the bottom sill of the window is within 42 inches of the floor, as measured in the interior of the unit, and is more than 72 inches above the ground, as measured on the exterior grade of the building.
(d)Record of Incidents; Annual Report.—The Secretary concerned shall keep a record of each incident (as defined in Department of Defense Instruction 6055.7 series) in which a minor child is injured or killed as the result of an unintentional window fall in a military family housing unit. Not later than 90 days after the end of each calendar year (beginning with 2017), the Secretary of Defense shall submit a report to the Committees on Armed Services of the House of Representatives and Senate on all such window falls occurring in the previous year.
(e)Applicability to All Military Family Housing.—This section applies to military family housing under the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense and military family housing acquired or constructed under subchapter IV of this chapter.
(Added Pub. L. 115–91, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2817(a)(1), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1851, § 2879; amended Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title X, § 1081(a)(28), div. B, title XXVIII, § 2823(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1985, 2269; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XVII, § 1731(a)(57), div. B, title XXX, § 3034, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1815, 1936; renumbered § 2857 and amended Pub. L. 117–81, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2812(a), (b), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2191.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2857

§ 2858. Limitation on the use of funds for expediting a construction project

Funds appropriated for military construction (including military family housing) may not be expended for additional costs involved in expediting a construction project unless the Secretary concerned (1) certifies that expenditures for such costs are necessary to protect the national interest, and (2) establishes a reasonable completion date for the project. In establishing such a completion date, the Secretary shall take into consideration the urgency of the requirement for completion of the project, the type and location of the project, the climatic and seasonal conditions affecting the construction involved, and the application of economical construction practices.

(Added Pub. L. 97–214, § 2(a), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 167.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2858

[§ 2859. Repealed. Pub. L. 119–60, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2848(a), Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1319]

CITE AS: 10 USC 2859

§ 2860. Availability of appropriations

Funds appropriated to a military department or to the Secretary of Defense for a fiscal year for military construction or military family housing purposes may remain available for obligation beyond such fiscal year to the extent provided in appropriation Acts.

(Added Pub. L. 97–214, § 2(a), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 167; amended Pub. L. 99–167, title VIII, § 812(a), Dec. 3, 1985, 99 Stat. 991; Pub. L. 99–173, § 121(b), Dec. 10, 1985, 99 Stat. 1029; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, § 1343(a)(21)(A), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3994.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2860

§ 2861. Military construction projects in connection with industrial facility investment program
(a)Authority.—The Secretary of Defense may carry out a military construction project, not previously authorized, for the purpose of carrying out activities under section 2474(a)(2) of this title, using funds appropriated or otherwise made available for that purpose in military construction accounts.
(b)Crediting of Funds to Capital Budget.—Funds appropriated or otherwise made available in a fiscal year for the purpose of carrying out a military construction project with respect to a covered depot (as defined in subsection (f) of section 2476 of this title) may be credited to the amount required by subsection (a)(1) of such section to be invested in the capital budgets of the covered depots in that fiscal year.
(c)Notice and Wait Requirement.—When a decision is made to carry out a project under subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall notify the appropriate committees of Congress of that decision and the savings estimated to be realized from the project. The project may then be carried out only after the end of the 14-day period beginning on the date the notification is received by such committees in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title.
(Added

CITE AS: 10 USC 2861

§ 2862. Turn-key selection procedures
(a)Authority to Use for Certain Purposes.—The Secretary concerned may use one-step turn-key selection procedures for the purpose of entering into a contract for any of the following purposes:
(1) The construction of an authorized military construction project.
(2) A repair project (as defined in section 2811(e) of this title) with an approved cost equal to or less than $4,000,000.1
1 See Temporary Expansion of Authority for Use of One-Step Turn-Key Procedures for Repair Projects note below.
(3) The construction of a facility as part of an authorized security assistance activity.
(b)Definitions.—In this section:
(1) The term “one-step turn-key selection procedures” means procedures used for the selection of a contractor on the basis of price and other evaluation criteria to perform, in accordance with the provisions of a firm fixed-price contract, both the design and construction of a facility using performance specifications supplied by the Secretary concerned.
(2) The term “security assistance activity” means—
(A) humanitarian and civic assistance authorized by sections 401 and 2561 of this title;
(B) foreign disaster assistance authorized by section 404 of this title;
(C) foreign military construction sales authorized by section 29 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2769);
(D) foreign assistance authorized under sections 607 and 632 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2357, 2392); and
(E) other international security assistance specifically authorized by law.
(Added Pub. L. 99–167, title VIII, § 807(a), Dec. 3, 1985, 99 Stat. 988; amended Pub. L. 100–26, § 7(k)(3), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 284; Pub. L. 100–180, div. B, subdiv. 3, title I, § 2301, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1214; Pub. L. 101–189, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2806, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1647; Pub. L. 102–190, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2802, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1537; Pub. L. 113–291, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2804, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3697.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2862

§ 2863. Payment of contractor claims

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary concerned may pay meritorious contractor claims that arise under military construction contracts or family housing contracts. The Secretary of Defense, with respect to a Defense Agency, or the Secretary of a military department may use for such purpose any unobligated funds appropriated to such department and available for military construction or family housing construction, as the case may be.

(Added Pub. L. 100–180, div. B, subdiv. 3, title I, § 2303(a), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1215.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2863

§ 2864. Master plans for major military installations
(a)Plans Required.—
(1) At a time interval prescribed by the Secretary concerned (but not less frequently than once every 10 years), the commander of each major military installation under the jurisdiction of the Secretary shall ensure that an installation master plan is developed to address environmental planning, sustainable design and development, sustainable range planning, real property master planning, military installation resilience, and transportation planning.
(2) To address the requirements under paragraph (1), each installation master plan shall include consideration of—
(A) planning for compact and infill development;
(B) horizontal and vertical mixed-use development;
(C) the full lifecycle costs of real property planning decisions;
(D) capacity planning through the establishment of growth boundaries around cantonment areas to focus development towards the core and preserve range and training space; and
(E) energy and climate resiliency efforts and military installation resilience.
(3)
(A) The commander of a major military installation shall develop and update the master plan for that major military installation in consultation with representatives of the government of the State in which the installation is located and representatives of local governments in the vicinity of the installation to improve cooperation and consistency between the Department of Defense and such governments in addressing each component of the master plan described in paragraph (1).
(B) The consultation required by subparagraph (A) is in addition to the consultation specifically required by subsection (b)(1) in connection with the transportation component of the master plan for a major military installation.
(b)Transportation Component.—
(1) The transportation component of the master plan for a major military installation shall be developed and updated in consultation with the metropolitan planning organization designated for the metropolitan planning area in which the military installation is located.
(2) To address the requirements under subsection (a) and paragraph (1), each installation master plan shall include consideration of ways to diversify and connect transit systems.
(c)Military Installation Resilience Component.—To address military installation resilience under subsection (a)(1), each installation master plan shall discuss the following:
(1) Risks and threats to military installation resilience that exist at the time of the development of the plan and that are projected for the future, including from extreme weather events, mean sea level fluctuation, wildfires, flooding, and other changes in environmental conditions.
(2) Assets or infrastructure located on the military installation vulnerable to the risks and threats described in paragraph (1), with a special emphasis on assets or infrastructure critical to the mission of the installation and the mission of members of the armed forces.
(3) Lessons learned from the impacts of extreme weather events, including changes made to the military installation to address such impacts, since the prior master plan developed under this section.
(4) Ongoing or planned infrastructure projects or other measures, as of the time of the development of the plan, to mitigate the impacts of the risks and threats described in paragraph (1).
(5) Community infrastructure and resources located outside the installation (such as medical facilities, transportation systems, and energy infrastructure) that are—
(A) necessary to maintain mission capability or that impact the resilience of the military installation; and
(B) vulnerable to the risks and threats described in paragraph (1).
(6) Agreements in effect or planned, as of the time of the development of the plan, with public or private entities for the purpose of maintaining or enhancing military installation resilience or resilience of the community infrastructure and resources described in paragraph (5).
(7) Extent of current coordination efforts and plans for additional coordination, as of the time of the development of the plan, with public or private entities for the purpose of maintaining or enhancing military installation resilience or resilience of the community infrastructure and resources described in paragraph (5).
(8) Projections from recognized governmental and scientific entities such as the Census Bureau, the National Academies of Sciences, the United States Geological Survey, and the United States Global Change Research Office (or any similar successor entities) with respect to future risks and threats (including the risks and threats described in paragraph (1)) to the resilience of any project considered in the installation master plan during the 50-year lifespan of the installation.
(d)Report.—Not later than March 1 of each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report listing all master plans completed pursuant to this section in the prior calendar year.
(e)Definitions.—In this section:
(1) The term “major military installation” has the meaning given to the term “large site” in the most recent version of the Department of Defense Base Structure Report issued before the time interval prescribed for development of installation master plans arises under subsection (a).
(2) The terms “metropolitan planning area” and “metropolitan planning organization” have the meanings given those terms in section 134(b) of title 23 and section 5303(b) of title 49.
(3) The term “energy and climate resiliency” means anticipation, preparation for, and adaptation to utility disruptions and changing environmental conditions and the ability to withstand, respond to, and recover rapidly from utility disruptions while ensuring the sustainment of mission-critical operations.
(4) The term “military installation resilience” has the meaning given that term in section 101(e) 1
1 See References in Text note below.
of this title.
(Added Pub. L. 112–239, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2802(a), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2147; amended Pub. L. 113–66, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2811, Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1013; Pub. L. 115–232, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2805(d), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2263; Pub. L. 116–92, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2801(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1879; Pub. L. 117–81, div. B, title XXVIII, §§ 2831, 2832, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2198; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XVIII, § 1801(a)(23), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 684; Pub. L. 119–60, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2848(b), Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1319.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2864

§ 2865. Work in Process Curve charts and outlay tables for military construction projects
Along with the budget for each fiscal year submitted by the President pursuant to section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretaries of the military departments shall include for any military construction project over $90,000,000, as an addendum to be included within the same document as the 1391s for the Military Construction Program budget documentation, a Project Spending Plan that includes—
(1) a Work in Process Curve chart to identify funding, obligations, and outlay figures; and
(2) a monthly outlay table for funding, obligations, and outlay figures.
(Added Pub. L. 115–232, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2806(a)(1), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2264.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2865

§ 2866. Water conservation at military installations
(a)Water Conservation Activities.—
(1) The Secretary of Defense shall permit and encourage each military department, Defense Agency, and other instrumentality of the Department of Defense to participate in programs conducted by a utility for the management of water demand or for water conservation.
(2) The Secretary of Defense may authorize a military installation to accept a financial incentive (including an agreement to reduce the amount of a future water bill), goods, or services generally available from a utility, for the purpose of adopting technologies and practices that—
(A) relate to the management of water demand or to water conservation; and
(B) as determined by the Secretary, are cost effective for the Federal Government.
(3) Subject to paragraph (4), the Secretary of Defense may authorize the Secretary of a military department having jurisdiction over a military installation to enter into an agreement with a utility to design and implement a cost-effective program that provides incentives for the management of water demand and for water conservation and that addresses the requirements and circumstances of the installation. Activities under the program may include the provision of water management services, the alteration of a facility, and the installation and maintenance by the utility of a water-saving device or technology.
(4)
(A) If an agreement under paragraph (3) provides for a utility to pay in advance the financing costs for the design or implementation of a program referred to in that paragraph and for such advance payment to be repaid by the United States, the cost of such advance payment may be recovered by the utility under terms that are not less favorable than the terms applicable to the most favored customer of the utility.
(B) Subject to the availability of appropriations, a repayment of an advance payment under subparagraph (A) shall be made from funds available to a military department for the purchase of utility services.
(C) An agreement under paragraph (3) shall provide that title to a water-saving device or technology installed at a military installation pursuant to the agreement shall vest in the United States. Such title may vest at such time during the term of the agreement, or upon expiration of the agreement, as determined to be in the best interests of the United States.
(b)Use of Financial Incentives and Water Cost Savings.—
(1) Financial incentives received from utilities for management of water demand or water conservation under subsection (a)(2) shall be credited to an appropriation designated by the Secretary of Defense. Amounts so credited shall be merged with the appropriation to which credited and shall be available for the same purposes and the same period as the appropriation with which merged.
(2) Water cost savings realized under subsection (a)(3) shall be used as follows:
(A) One-half of the amount shall be used for water conservation activities at such buildings, facilities, or installations of the Department of Defense as may be designated (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense) by the head of the department, agency, or instrumentality that realized the water cost savings.
(B) One-half of the amount shall be used at the installation at which the savings were realized, as determined by the commanding officer of such installation consistent with applicable law and regulations, for—
(i) improvements to existing military family housing units;
(ii) any unspecified minor construction project that will enhance the quality of life of personnel; or
(iii) any morale, welfare, or recreation facility or service.
(c)Water Conservation Construction Projects.—
(1) The Secretary of Defense may carry out a military construction project for water conservation, not previously authorized, using funds appropriated or otherwise made available to the Secretary for water conservation.
(2) When a decision is made to carry out a project under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Defense shall notify the appropriate committees of Congress of that decision. Such project may be carried out only after the end of the 14-day period beginning on the date the notification is received by such committees in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title.
(Added Pub. L. 103–160, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2803(a), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1884; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, § 1502(a)(27), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 506; Pub. L. 105–85, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2804(b), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1991; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, § 1031(a)(48), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1602; Pub. L. 109–364, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2851(d), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2495; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, § 1071(f)(25), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3511; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, § 1051(a)(24), div. B, title XXVIII, § 2801(c)(5), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1562, 1844.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2866

§ 2866a. Risk-based approach to water management and water security at military installations
(a)In General.—
(1) The Secretary of Defense shall adopt a risk-based approach to water management and water security for each military installation.
(2) In implementing paragraph (1), the Secretary shall prioritize those military installations that the Secretary determines—
(A) are experiencing the greatest risks to water management and water security; and
(B) face, or potentially face, the most severe adverse effects on mission assurance because of such risks.
(3) Determinations under paragraph (2) shall be made on the basis of the water management and water security assessments made by the Secretary concerned under subsection (b).
(b)Water Management and Water Security Assessments.—
(1) The Secretary of Defense, in coordination with each Secretary of a military department, shall develop a methodology to assess, for each military installation—
(A) risks to water management and water security; and
(B) adverse effects on mission assurance because of such risks.
(2) Such methodology shall include the following:
(A) An evaluation of all water sources available to a military installation, disaggregated by—
(i) total available water volume;
(ii) treated potable water; and
(iii) treated nonpotable water.
(B) An assessment of relevant water supply connections for a military installation, including the number, type, water flow rate, seasonal variability, and the extent of competition for each such connection.
(C) A calculation of the total water requirement of a military installation that—
(i) includes an identification of the water usage by each tenant command located on the military installation; and
(ii) describes the water uses that comprise such total water requirement, disaggregated by—(I) drinking water uses; and(II) nonpotable water uses, including—(aa) cooling;(bb) irrigation groundskeeping;(cc) wash water; and(dd) other industrial and agricultural uses.
(D) An evaluation of the age, condition, and jurisdictional control of water infrastructure serving a military installation, including an estimate of the percentage of water lost due to water infrastructure that is in poor or failing condition.
(E) An evaluation of water security risks that could have an adverse effect on mission assurance for a military installation, including—
(i) if the military installation is located in a drought-prone region;
(ii) decreasing water levels or sources that supply water to the military installation;
(iii) effects of new defense water uses on the total water requirement of the military installation; and
(iv) increases to the demand for water that result from nondefense or defense-adjacent requirements and that could affect—(I) the supply of water available for use by the military installation;(II) the quality of such water; and(III) any legal rights to use of such water by the military installation, such as water rights disputes.
(F) An evaluation of the capacity of the water supply of a military installation to withstand or quickly recover from water constraints, and the overall health of the aquifer basin of which the water supply is a part, including the robustness of the resource, redundancy, and ability to recover from disruption.
(G) An evaluation of existing water metering and water consumption at a military installation, disaggregated—
(i) by type of activity, including training, maintenance, medical, housing, and grounds maintenance and landscaping; and
(ii) by fluctuations in consumption, including peak consumption by quarter.
(H) A determination of the appropriate frequency for reassessment of military installations with the highest water security risk.
(3) The Secretary of Defense, in coordination with each Secretary of a military department, shall update the methodology under paragraph (1) not less frequently than once every ten years.
(c)Reassessment of Water Security Risk.—The Secretary of Defense shall update assessments of the military installations with the highest water security risk not less frequently than as determined under subsection (b)(2)(H).
(d)Mitigation of Highest Water Security Risk Installations.—
(1) Each Secretary of a military department shall—
(A) identify the three military installations under the jurisdiction of the Secretary with the highest water security risk; and
(B) develop, for each military installation identified, a plan of action and milestones to address—
(i) risks to water security; and
(ii) adverse effects on mission assurance because of such risks.
(2) Each such plan of action shall include the following:
(A) A description of each risk and the effect on the capacity of the military installation and mission assurance.
(B) A list of the factors contributing to the risk, disaggregated by risks originating from—
(i) the geographic area under the control of the military installation; and
(ii) the geographic area not under the control of the military installation.
(C) A plan for implementing installation-level water metering to ensure more accurate assessments of demand for water at the military installation.
(D) An assessment of—
(i) the effects of planned future missions and tenant commands on the demand for water at the military installation; and
(ii) the corresponding requirements for water infrastructure serving the military installation.
(E) A list of infrastructure projects to mitigate loss of available water supply to leakage, including new construction, recapitalization, required maintenance, and modernization of existing infrastructure.
(F) A cost-benefit analysis of using “no dig” technologies to mitigate infrastructure degradation that leads to water loss.
(e)Evaluation of Installations for Nonpotable Water Reuse.—
(1) The Secretary of Defense shall evaluate each military installation identified under subsection (d) to determine the potential to mitigate risks to water security for such installation through the reuse of nonpotable water for nondrinking water uses.
(2) Such evaluation shall include the following:
(A) An evaluation of alternative water sources to offset use of freshwater, including water recycling and harvested rainwater for use as nonpotable water.
(B) An assessment of the feasibility of incorporating, when practicable, water-efficient technologies and systems to minimize water consumption and wastewater discharge on the installation.
(C) An evaluation of the practicality of implementing water reuse systems and other water-saving infrastructure into new construction in water-constrained areas, as determined pursuant to the applicable water management and security assessment under subsection (b).
(f)Cost Effective Landscaping Management Practices.—
(1) The Secretary of Defense shall, to the maximum extent practicable, implement, at each military installation identified under subsection (d), landscaping management practices that mitigate risks to water management and water security and enhance mission assurance by enabling greater quantities of water availability for operational, training, and maintenance requirements.
(2) For military installations located in arid or semi-arid regions, such landscaping management practices shall, to the extent practicable, include practices that avoid the cost of irrigation.
(3) To the extent practicable, each Secretary of a military department shall institute landscaping management practices that include plants native to, or appropriate for, the region in which the installation is located and native grass and plants that decrease water consumption requirements.
(g)Briefings Required.—
(1) Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary of Defense shall provide to the Committees of the Armed Services of the House of Representatives and the Senate a briefing that includes—
(A) an identification, in ranked order, of the military installations identified under subsection (d) with the highest water security risk; and
(B) a description of the schedule for developing each plan of action required by subsection (d).
(2) Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this section, and annually thereafter not later than the date of President’s budget for a fiscal year under section 1105 of title 31, the Secretary of Defense shall provide to the Committees of the Armed Services of the House of Representatives and the Senate a briefing that includes, with respect to the period covered by the briefing—
(A) an update on the progress of the Secretary concerned toward completing the water security assessment required by subsection (b);
(B) updated cost estimates for infrastructure projects to mitigate loss of available water supply to leakage identified pursuant to subsection (d)(1)(E); 1
1 So in original. Probably should be “subsection (d)(2)(E);”.
and
(C) a description of—
(i) any agreement between a Secretary of a military department and the head of a non-Department of Defense entity with respect to property under the jurisdiction of such Secretary that may affect—(I) the supply of water available to a military installation under the jurisdiction of such Secretary; or(II) the demand for water of such installation; and
(ii) any change to—(I) the water supply of a military installation under the jurisdiction such Secretary; or(II) the demand for water of such military installation.
(h)Rule of Construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to require the repetition or replacement of any prior water assessment or evaluation conducted before the date of the enactment of section 2827 of the Military Construction Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (division B of Public Law 118–159; 10 U.S.C. 2866 note) 2
2 See References in Text note below.
that is accurate and reflects current mission requirements.
(Added Pub. L. 119–60, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2804(a), Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1294.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2866a

§ 2867. Energy monitoring and utility control system specification for military construction and military family housing activities
(a)Adoption of Department-wide, Open Protocol, Energy Monitoring and Utility Control System Specification.—
(1) The Secretary of Defense shall adopt an open protocol energy monitoring and utility control system specification for use throughout the Department of Defense in connection with a military construction project, military family housing activity, or other activity under this chapter for the purpose of monitoring and controlling, with respect to the project or activity, the items specified in paragraph (2) with the goal of establishing installation-wide energy monitoring and utility control systems.
(2) The energy monitoring and utility control system specification required by paragraph (1) shall cover the following:
(A) Utilities and energy usage, including electricity, gas, steam, and water usage.
(B) Indoor environments, including temperature and humidity levels.
(C) Heating, ventilation, and cooling components.
(D) Central plant equipment.
(E) Renewable energy generation systems.
(F) Lighting systems.
(G) Power distribution networks.
(b)Exclusion.—
(1) The energy monitoring and utility control system specification required by subsection (a) is not required to apply to projects carried out under the authority provided in subchapter IV of chapter 169 of this title.
(2) The Secretary concerned may waive the application of the energy monitoring and utility control system specification required by subsection (a) with respect to a specific military construction project, military family housing activity, or other activity under this chapter if the Secretary determines that the application of the specification to the project or activity is not life cycle cost-effective. The Secretary concerned shall notify the congressional defense committees of any waiver granted under this paragraph.
(Added Pub. L. 111–84, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2841(a)(1), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2679.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2867

§ 2868. Utility services: furnishing for certain buildings

Appropriations for the Department of Defense may be used for utility services for buildings constructed at private cost, as authorized by law.

(Added Pub. L. 100–370, § 1(j)(1), July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 848, § 2490; renumbered § 2868, Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title III, § 371(b)(2), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1705; amended Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title VI, § 651(e)(2), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1972.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2868

§ 2869. Exchange of property at military installations
(a)Exchange Authorized.—
(1) The Secretary concerned may enter into an agreement to convey real property, including any improvements thereon, described in paragraph (2) to any person who agrees, in exchange for the real property, to transfer to the United States all right, title, and interest of the person in and to a parcel of real property, including any improvements thereon under the person’s control, or to carry out a land acquisition, including the acquisition of all right, title, and interest or a lesser interest in real property under an agreement entered into under section 2684a of this title to limit encroachments and other constraints on military training, testing, and operations.
(2) Paragraph (1) applies with respect to real property under the jurisdiction of the Secretary concerned—
(A) that is located on a military installation that is closed or realigned under a base closure law; or
(B) that is located on a military installation not covered by subparagraph (A) and for which the Secretary concerned makes a determination that the conveyance under paragraph (1) is advantageous to the United States.
(3)
(A) The Secretary of Defense shall establish a pilot program under which the Secretary concerned, during the term of the pilot program, may use the authority provided by paragraph (1) to also convey real property, including any improvements thereon, described in paragraph (2) to any person who agrees, in exchange for the real property, to provide—
(i) installation-support services (as defined in section 2679(f) of this title); or
(ii) a new facility or improvements to an existing facility.
(B) The acquisition of a facility or improvements to an existing facility using the authority provided by subparagraph (A) shall not be treated as a military construction project for which an authorization is required by section 2802 of this title.
(C) The expanded conveyance authority provided by subparagraph (A) applies only during the eight-year period beginning on the date on which the Secretary of Defense issues guidance regarding the use by the Secretaries concerned of such authority.
(b)Conditions on Conveyance Authority.—
(1) The fair market value of the real property, installation-support services, or facility or improvements to an existing facility obtained by the Secretary concerned under subsection (a) in exchange for the conveyance of real property by the Secretary under such subsection shall be at least equal to the fair market value of the conveyed real property, as determined by the Secretary. If the fair market value of the real property conveyed by the Secretary concerned exceeds the fair market value of the real property, installation-support services, or facility or improvements received by the Secretary, the recipient of the property shall pay to the United States an amount equal to the difference in the fair market values.
(2) In the case of a conveyance of real property to a political subdivision of a State, the value of the real property to be conveyed by the Secretary concerned under subsection (a) may exceed the fair market value of the land to be obtained, as determined under paragraph (1), by an amount not to exceed the reduction in value of the land which is attributable to voluntary zoning actions taken by such political subdivision to limit encroachment on a military installation, but only if the notice required by subsection (d)(2) contains—
(A) a certification by the Secretary concerned that the military value to the United States of the land to be acquired justifies a payment in excess of the fair market value; and
(B) a description of the military value to be obtained.
(3) The Secretary concerned may agree to accept a facility or improvements to an existing facility under subsection (a)(3) only if the Secretary concerned determines that the facility or improvements—
(A) are completed and usable, fully functional, and ready for occupancy;
(B) satisfy all operational requirements; and
(C) meet all Federal, State, and local requirements applicable to the facility relating to health, safety, and the environment.
(c)Limitation on Use of Conveyance Authority at Installations Closed Under Base Closure Laws.—The authority under subsection (a)(2)(A) to convey property located on a military installation may only be used to the extent the conveyance is consistent with an approved redevelopment plan for such installation.
(d)Advance Notice of Use of Authority.—
(1) Notice of the proposed use of the conveyance authority provided by subsection (a) shall be provided in such manner as the Secretary of Defense may prescribe, including publication in the Federal Register and otherwise. When real property located at a military installation is proposed for conveyance by means of a public sale, the Secretary concerned may notify prospective purchasers that consideration for the property may be provided in the manner authorized by such subsection.
(2) The Secretary concerned may not enter into an agreement under subsection (a) for the conveyance of real property until—
(A) the Secretary submits to Congress notice of the conveyance, including—
(i) a description of the real property to be conveyed by the Secretary under the agreement;
(ii) a description of the land acquisition to be carried out under the agreement in exchange for the conveyance of the property; and
(iii) the amount of any payment to be made under subsection (b) or under section 2684a(d) 1
1 See References in Text note below.
of this title to equalize the fair market values of the property to be conveyed and the land acquisition to be carried out under the agreement in exchange for the conveyance of the property; and
(B) the waiting period applicable to that notice under paragraph (3) expires.
(3) If the notice submitted under paragraph (2) deals with the conveyance of real property located on a military installation that is closed or realigned under a base closure law or the conveyance of real property under an agreement entered into under section 2684a of this title, the Secretary concerned may enter into the agreement under subsection (a) for the conveyance of the property after the end of the 14-day period beginning on the date of the submission of the notice in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title. In the case of other real property to be conveyed under subsection (a), the Secretary concerned may enter into the agreement only after the end of the 45-day period beginning on the date of the submission of the notice in an electronic medium pursuant to section 480 of this title.
(e)Deposit and Use of Funds.—The Secretary concerned shall deposit funds received under subsection (b) in the appropriation “Foreign Currency Fluctuations, Construction, Defense”. The funds deposited shall be available, in such amounts as provided in appropriation Acts, for the purpose of paying increased costs of overseas military construction and family housing construction or improvement associated with unfavorable fluctuations in currency exchange rates. The use of such funds for this purpose does not relieve the Secretary concerned from the duty to provide advance notice to Congress under section 2853(c) of this title whenever the Secretary approves an increase in the cost of an overseas project under such section.
(f)Description of Property.—The exact acreage and legal description of real property conveyed under subsection (a) shall be determined by surveys satisfactory to the Secretary concerned.
(g)Additional Terms and Conditions.—The Secretary concerned may require such additional terms and conditions in connection with a conveyance under subsection (a) as the Secretary considers appropriate to protect the interests of the United States.
(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2805(a)(1), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1719; amended Pub. L. 109–364, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2811(a)–(f)(1), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2471–2473; Pub. L. 111–84, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2804(a)–(d)(1), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2661, 2662; Pub. L. 112–81, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2815(a), (b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1688, 1689; Pub. L. 112–239, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2811, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2150; Pub. L. 115–91, div. B, title XXVIII, §§ 2801(c)(6), 2815, 2816, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1844, 1850; Pub. L. 116–283, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2862(a), (b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4357; Pub. L. 118–159, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2851, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2269.)

CITE AS: 10 USC 2869

[§ 2870. Repealed. Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title VIII, § 818(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3751]

CITE AS: 10 USC 2870