12 USC 2199 - Disclosure

Collapse to view only § 2199. Disclosure

§ 2199. Disclosure
§ 2200. Access to documents and information
§ 2201. Notice of action on application
§ 2202. Reconsideration of actions
§ 2202a. Restructuring distressed loans
§ 2202b. Effect of restructuring on borrower stock
§ 2202c. Repealed.
§ 2202d. Protection of borrowers who meet all loan obligations
§ 2202e. Waiver of mediation rights by borrowers

§ 2199. Disclosure

(a) In general

In accordance with regulations of the Farm Credit Administration, qualified lenders shall provide to borrowers, for all loans that are not subject to the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), meaningful and timely disclosure not later than the time of the loan closing, of—

(1) the current rate of interest on the loan;

(2) in the case of an adjustable or variable rate loan, the amount and frequency by which the interest rate can be increased during the term of the loan or, if there are no such limitations, a statement to that effect, and the factors (including the cost of funds, operating expenses, and provision for loan losses) that will be taken into account by the qualified lender in determining adjustments to the interest rate;

(3) the effect, as shown by a representative example or examples, of any loan origination charges or purchases of stock or participation certificates on the effective rate of interest;

(4) any change in the interest rate applicable to the borrower’s loan, and notice to the borrower of a change in the interest rate applicable to the loan of the borrower may be made within a reasonable time after the effective date of an increase or decrease in the interest rate;

(5) except with respect to stock guaranteed under section 2162 of this title, a statement indicating that stock that is purchased is at risk; and

(6) a statement indicating the various types of loan options available to borrowers, with an explanation of the terms and borrowers’ rights that apply to each type of loan.

(b) Differential interest rates

A qualified lender offering more than one rate of interest to borrowers shall, at the request of a borrower of a loan—

(1) provide a review of the loan to determine if the proper interest rate has been established;

(2) explain to the borrower in writing the basis for the interest rate charged; and

(3) explain to the borrower in writing how the credit status of the borrower may be improved to receive a lower interest rate on the loan.

(Pub. L. 92–181, title IV, § 4.13, as added Pub. L. 99–205, title III, § 301(b), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1707; amended Pub. L. 100–233, title I, §§ 103, 109, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1579, 1584; Pub. L. 104–105, title II, § 207, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 173.)

§ 2200. Access to documents and information

In accordance with regulations of the Farm Credit Administration, qualified lenders shall provide their borrowers, at the time of execution of loans, copies of all documents signed by the borrower and at any time thereafter, on a borrower’s request, copies of all documents signed or delivered by the borrower and at any time, on request, a copy of the institution’s articles of incorporation or charter and bylaws and copies of each appraisal of the borrower’s assets made or used by the qualified lender.

(Pub. L. 92–181, title IV, § 4.13A, as added Pub. L. 99–205, title III, § 301(b), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1707; amended Pub. L. 100–233, title I, § 104, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1579.)

§ 2201. Notice of action on application

(a) Loan applications

Each qualified lender to which a person has applied for a loan shall provide the person with prompt written notice of—

(1) the action on the application;

(2) if the loan applied for is reduced or denied, the reasons for such action; and

(3) the applicant’s right to review under section 2202 of this title.

(b) Distressed loans

Each qualified lender that has a distressed loan outstanding that is subject to restructuring requirements under this chapter shall provide, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Farm Credit Administration, the borrower with prompt written notice of—

(1) any action taken with respect to restructuring the loan under section 2202a of this title;

(2) if restructuring is denied, the reasons for such action; and

(3) the borrower’s right to review under section 2202 of this title.

(Pub. L. 92–181, title IV, § 4.13B, formerly § 4.13, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 613, renumbered § 4.13B and amended Pub. L. 99–205, title III, §§ 301(a), 302, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1707, 1708; Pub. L. 100–233, title I, § 105, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1579.)

§ 2202. Reconsideration of actions

(a) Credit review committees

(1) In general

(2) Membership

(b) Review of decisions

(1) Denials or reductions

(2) Denials of restructuring

(d) Independent appraisal

(1) In general

(2) Arrangement and cost

(3) Copy to borrower

(4) Additional collateral

(e) Notification of applicant

(Pub. L. 92–181, title IV, § 4.14, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 613; Pub. L. 99–205, title III, § 303, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1708; Pub. L. 100–233, title I, § 106, title VIII, § 805(s), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1580, 1716; Pub. L. 100–399, title I, § 103, title VII, § 702(b), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 990, 1006.)

§ 2202a. Restructuring distressed loans

(a) Definitions

As used in this part and section 2219a of this title:

(1) Application for restructuring

The term “application for restructuring” means a written request—

(A) from a borrower for the restructuring of a distressed loan in accordance with a preliminary restructuring plan proposed by the borrower as a part of the application;

(B) submitted on the appropriate forms prescribed by the qualified lender; and

(C) accompanied by sufficient financial information and repayment projections, where appropriate, as required by the qualified lender to support a sound credit decision.

(2) Cost of foreclosure

The term “cost of foreclosure” includes—

(A) the difference between the outstanding balance due on a loan made by a qualified lender and the liquidation value of the loan, taking into consideration the borrower’s repayment capacity and the liquidation value of the collateral used to secure the loan;

(B) the estimated cost of maintaining a loan as a nonperforming asset;

(C) the estimated cost of administrative and legal actions necessary to foreclose a loan and dispose of property acquired as the result of the foreclosure, including attorneys’ fees and court costs;

(D) the estimated cost of changes in the value of collateral used to secure a loan during the period beginning on the date of the initiation of an action to foreclose or liquidate the loan and ending on the date of the disposition of the collateral; and

(E) all other costs incurred as the result of the foreclosure or liquidation of a loan.

(3) Distressed loan

The term “distressed loan” means a loan that the borrower does not have the financial capacity to pay according to its terms and that exhibits one or more of the following characteristics:

(A) The borrower is demonstrating adverse financial and repayment trends.

(B) The loan is delinquent or past due under the terms of the loan contract.

(C) One or both of the factors listed in subparagraphs (A) and (B), together with inadequate collateralization, present a high probability of loss to the lender.

(4) Foreclosure proceeding

The term “foreclosure proceeding” means—

(A) a foreclosure or similar legal proceeding to enforce a lien on property, whether real or personal, that secures a nonaccrual or distressed loan; or

(B) the seizing of and realizing on nonreal property collateral, other than collateral subject to a statutory lien arising under subchapter I or II, to effect collection of a nonaccrual or distressed loan.

(5) Loan

(A) In general

(B) Exclusion for loans designated for sale into secondary market

(i) In general

(ii) Unsold loans(I) In general(II) Later sale

(6) Qualified lender

The term “qualified lender” means—

(A) a System institution that makes loans (as defined in paragraph (5)) except a bank for cooperatives; and

(B) each bank, institution, corporation, company, union, and association described in section 2015(b)(1)(B) of this title but only with respect to loans discounted or pledged under section 2015(b)(1) of this title.

(7) Restructure and restructuring

(b) Notice

(1) In general

On a determination by a qualified lender that a loan made by the lender is or has become a distressed loan, the lender shall provide written notice to the borrower that the loan may be suitable for restructuring, and include with such notice—

(A) a copy of the policy of the lender established under subsection (g) that governs the treatment of distressed loans; and

(B) all materials necessary to enable the borrower to submit an application for restructuring on the loan.

(2) Notice before foreclosure

(3) Limitation on foreclosure

On determination by a qualified lender that a loan made by the lender is or has become a distressed loan, the lender shall provide a reasonable opportunity for the borrower thereof to personally meet with a representative of the lender—

(1) to review the status of the loan, the financial condition of the borrower, and the suitability of the loan for restructuring; and

(2) with respect to a loan that is in nonaccrual status, to develop a plan for restructuring the loan if the loan is suitable for restructuring.

(d) Consideration of applications

(1) In general

When a qualified lender receives an application for restructuring from a borrower, the qualified lender shall determine whether or not to restructure the loan, taking into consideration—

(A) whether the cost to the lender of restructuring the loan is equal to or less than the cost of foreclosure;

(B) whether the borrower is applying all income over and above necessary and reasonable living and operating expenses to the payment of primary obligations;

(C) whether the borrower has the financial capacity and the management skills to protect the collateral from diversion, dissipation, or deterioration;

(D) whether the borrower is capable of working out existing financial difficulties, reestablishing a viable operation, and repaying the loan on a rescheduled basis; and

(E) in the case of a distressed loan that is not delinquent, whether restructuring consistent with sound lending practices may be taken to reasonably ensure that the loan will not become a loan that it is necessary to place in nonaccrual status.

(2) Applications not required for restructuring plans

(e) Restructuring

(1) In general

(2) Computation of cost of restructuring

In determining whether the potential cost to the qualified lender of restructuring a distressed loan is less than or equal to the potential cost of foreclosure, a qualified lender shall consider all relevant factors, including—

(A) the present value of interest income and principal forgone by the lender in carrying out the restructuring plan;

(B) reasonable and necessary administrative expenses involved in working with the borrower to finalize and implement the restructuring plan;

(C) whether the borrower has presented a preliminary restructuring plan and cash-flow analysis taking into account income from all sources to be applied to the debt and all assets to be pledged, showing a reasonable probability that orderly debt retirement will occur as a result of the proposed restructuring; and

(D) whether the borrower has furnished or is willing to furnish complete and current financial statements in a form acceptable to the institution.

(f) Least cost alternative

(g) Restructuring policy

(1) Establishment

(2) Contents of policy

The policy established under paragraph (1) shall include an explanation of—

(A) the procedure for submitting an application for restructuring; and

(B) the right of borrowers with distressed loans to seek review by a credit review committee in accordance with section 2202 of this title of a denial of an application for restructuring.

(3) Submission of policy to FCA

(h) Compliance

(i) Permitted foreclosures

(j) Application of section

(k) Assistance in restructuring

(Pub. L. 92–181, title IV, § 4.14A, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title I, § 102(a), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1574; amended Pub. L. 100–399, title I, § 102(a)–(f), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 990; Pub. L. 104–105, title II, § 208(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 173; Pub. L. 115–334, title V, § 5411(22), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4681.)

§ 2202b. Effect of restructuring on borrower stock

(a) Farm Credit Bank

(b) Production credit association

(Pub. L. 92–181, title IV, § 4.14B, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title I, § 102(a), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1577; amended Pub. L. 100–399, title I, § 102(g), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 990.)

§ 2202c. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–334, title V, § 5411(23), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4682

§ 2202d. Protection of borrowers who meet all loan obligations

(a) Foreclosure prohibited

(b) Prohibition against required principal reduction

A qualified lender may not require any borrower to reduce the outstanding principal balance of any loan made to the borrower by any amount that exceeds the regularly scheduled principal installment payment (when due and payable), unless—

(1) the borrower sells or otherwise disposes of part or all of the collateral; or

(2) the parties agree otherwise in a written agreement entered into by the parties.

(d) Placing loans in nonaccrual status

(1) Notification

(2) Review of denial

(3) Application

(Pub. L. 92–181, title IV, § 4.14D, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title I, § 107, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1581.)

§ 2202e. Waiver of mediation rights by borrowers

No System institution may make a loan secured by a mortgage or lien on agricultural property to a borrower on the condition that the borrower waive any right under the mediation program of any State.

(Pub. L. 92–181, title IV, § 4.14E, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title V, § 511, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1664; amended Pub. L. 103–354, title II, § 282(f)(2), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3235.)