Collapse to view only § 30301. Findings
- § 30301. Findings
- § 30302. Purposes
- § 30303. National prison rape statistics, data, and research
- § 30304. Prison rape prevention and prosecution
- § 30305. Grants to protect inmates and safeguard communities
- § 30306. National Prison Rape Elimination Commission
- § 30307. Adoption and effect of national standards
- § 30308. Requirement that accreditation organizations adopt accreditation standards
- § 30309. Definitions
§ 30301. FindingsCongress makes the following findings:
(1) 2,100,146 persons were incarcerated in the United States at the end of 2001: 1,324,465 in Federal and State prisons and 631,240 in county and local jails. In 1999, there were more than 10,000,000 separate admissions to and discharges from prisons and jails.
(2) Insufficient research has been conducted and insufficient data reported on the extent of prison rape. However, experts have conservatively estimated that at least 13 percent of the inmates in the United States have been sexually assaulted in prison. Many inmates have suffered repeated assaults. Under this estimate, nearly 200,000 inmates now incarcerated have been or will be the victims of prison rape. The total number of inmates who have been sexually assaulted in the past 20 years likely exceeds 1,000,000.
(3) Inmates with mental illness are at increased risk of sexual victimization. America’s jails and prisons house more mentally ill individuals than all of the Nation’s psychiatric hospitals combined. As many as 16 percent of inmates in State prisons and jails, and 7 percent of Federal inmates, suffer from mental illness.
(4) Young first-time offenders are at increased risk of sexual victimization. Juveniles are 5 times more likely to be sexually assaulted in adult rather than juvenile facilities—often within the first 48 hours of incarceration.
(5) Most prison staff are not adequately trained or prepared to prevent, report, or treat inmate sexual assaults.
(6) Prison rape often goes unreported, and inmate victims often receive inadequate treatment for the severe physical and psychological effects of sexual assault—if they receive treatment at all.
(7) HIV and AIDS are major public health problems within America’s correctional facilities. In 2000, 25,088 inmates in Federal and State prisons were known to be infected with HIV/AIDS. In 2000, HIV/AIDS accounted for more than 6 percent of all deaths in Federal and State prisons. Infection rates for other sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, and hepatitis B and C are also far greater for prisoners than for the American population as a whole. Prison rape undermines the public health by contributing to the spread of these diseases, and often giving a potential death sentence to its victims.
(8) Prison rape endangers the public safety by making brutalized inmates more likely to commit crimes when they are released—as 600,000 inmates are each year.
(9) The frequently interracial character of prison sexual assaults significantly exacerbates interracial tensions, both within prison and, upon release of perpetrators and victims from prison, in the community at large.
(10) Prison rape increases the level of homicides and other violence against inmates and staff, and the risk of insurrections and riots.
(11) Victims of prison rape suffer severe physical and psychological effects that hinder their ability to integrate into the community and maintain stable employment upon their release from prison. They are thus more likely to become homeless and/or require government assistance.
(12) Members of the public and government officials are largely unaware of the epidemic character of prison rape and the day-to-day horror experienced by victimized inmates.
(13) The high incidence of sexual assault within prisons involves actual and potential violations of the United States Constitution. In Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825 (1994), the Supreme Court ruled that deliberate indifference to the substantial risk of sexual assault violates prisoners’ rights under the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause of the Eighth Amendment. The Eighth Amendment rights of State and local prisoners are protected through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Pursuant to the power of Congress under Section Five of the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress may take action to enforce those rights in States where officials have demonstrated such indifference. States that do not take basic steps to abate prison rape by adopting standards that do not generate significant additional expenditures demonstrate such indifference. Therefore, such States are not entitled to the same level of Federal benefits as other States.
(14) The high incidence of prison rape undermines the effectiveness and efficiency of United States Government expenditures through grant programs such as those dealing with health care; mental health care; disease prevention; crime prevention, investigation, and prosecution; prison construction, maintenance, and operation; race relations; poverty; unemployment and homelessness. The effectiveness and efficiency of these federally funded grant programs are compromised by the failure of State officials to adopt policies and procedures that reduce the incidence of prison rape in that the high incidence of prison rape—
(A) increases the costs incurred by Federal, State, and local jurisdictions to administer their prison systems;
(B) increases the levels of violence, directed at inmates and at staff, within prisons;
(C) increases health care expenditures, both inside and outside of prison systems, and reduces the effectiveness of disease prevention programs by substantially increasing the incidence and spread of HIV, AIDS, tuberculosis, hepatitis B and C, and other diseases;
(D) increases mental health care expenditures, both inside and outside of prison systems, by substantially increasing the rate of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, suicide, and the exacerbation of existing mental illnesses among current and former inmates;
(E) increases the risks of recidivism, civil strife, and violent crime by individuals who have been brutalized by prison rape; and
(F) increases the level of interracial tensions and strife within prisons and, upon release of perpetrators and victims, in the community at large.
(15) The high incidence of prison rape has a significant effect on interstate commerce because it increases substantially—
(A) the costs incurred by Federal, State, and local jurisdictions to administer their prison systems;
(B) the incidence and spread of HIV, AIDS, tuberculosis, hepatitis B and C, and other diseases, contributing to increased health and medical expenditures throughout the Nation;
(C) the rate of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, suicide, and the exacerbation of existing mental illnesses among current and former inmates, contributing to increased health and medical expenditures throughout the Nation; and
(D) the risk of recidivism, civil strife, and violent crime by individuals who have been brutalized by prison rape.
(Pub. L. 108–79, § 2, Sept. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 972.)
§ 30302. Purposes
The purposes of this chapter are to—
(1) establish a zero-tolerance standard for the incidence of prison rape in prisons in the United States;
(2) make the prevention of prison rape a top priority in each prison system;
(3) develop and implement national standards for the detection, prevention, reduction, and punishment of prison rape;
(4) increase the available data and information on the incidence of prison rape, consequently improving the management and administration of correctional facilities;
(5) standardize the definitions used for collecting data on the incidence of prison rape;
(6) increase the accountability of prison officials who fail to detect, prevent, reduce, and punish prison rape;
(7) protect the Eighth Amendment rights of Federal, State, and local prisoners;
(8) increase the efficiency and effectiveness of Federal expenditures through grant programs such as those dealing with health care; mental health care; disease prevention; crime prevention, investigation, and prosecution; prison construction, maintenance, and operation; race relations; poverty; unemployment; and homelessness; and
(9) reduce the costs that prison rape imposes on interstate commerce.
(Pub. L. 108–79, § 3, Sept. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 974.)
§ 30303. National prison rape statistics, data, and research
(a) Annual comprehensive statistical review
(1) In generalThe Bureau of Justice Statistics of the Department of Justice (in this section referred to as the “Bureau”) shall carry out, for each calendar year, a comprehensive statistical review and analysis of the incidence and effects of prison rape. The statistical review and analysis shall include, but not be limited to the identification of the common characteristics of—
(A) both victims and perpetrators of prison rape; and
(B) prisons and prison systems with a high incidence of prison rape.
(2) ConsiderationsIn carrying out paragraph (1), the Bureau shall consider—
(A) how rape should be defined for the purposes of the statistical review and analysis;
(B) how the Bureau should collect information about staff-on-inmate sexual assault;
(C) how the Bureau should collect information beyond inmate self-reports of prison rape;
(D) how the Bureau should adjust the data in order to account for differences among prisons as required by subsection (c)(3);
(E) the categorization of prisons as required by subsection (c)(4); and
(F) whether a preliminary study of prison rape should be conducted to inform the methodology of the comprehensive statistical review.
(3) Solicitation of views
(4) Sampling techniques
(5) Surveys
(6) Participation in survey
(7) Reporting on child abuse and neglect
(b) Review Panel on Prison Rape
(1) Establishment
(2) Membership
(A) Composition
(B) Qualifications
(3) Public hearings
(A) In general
(B) Testimony at hearings
(i) Public officials
(ii) Victims
(C) Subpoenas
(i) Issuance
(ii) Enforcement
(c) Reports
(1) In generalNot later than June 30 of each year, the Attorney General shall submit a report on the activities of the Bureau and the Review Panel, with respect to prison rape, for the preceding calendar year to—
(A) Congress; and
(B) the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
(2) ContentsThe report required under paragraph (1) shall include—
(A) with respect to the effects of prison rape, statistical, sociological, and psychological data;
(B) with respect to the incidence of prison rape—
(i) statistical data aggregated at the Federal, State, prison system, and prison levels;
(ii) a listing of those institutions in the representative sample, separated into each category identified under subsection (c)(4) and ranked according to the incidence of prison rape in each institution; and
(iii) an identification of those institutions in the representative sample that appear to have been successful in deterring prison rape; and
(C) a listing of any prisons in the representative sample that did not cooperate with the survey conducted pursuant to this section.
(3) Data adjustments
(4) Categorization of prisons
(d) Contracts and grantsIn carrying out its duties under this section, the Attorney General may—
(1) provide grants for research through the National Institute of Justice; and
(2) contract with or provide grants to any other entity the Attorney General deems appropriate.
(e) Authorization of appropriations
(Pub. L. 108–79, § 4, Sept. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 975; Pub. L. 109–108, title I, § 113(a), Nov. 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 2305.)
§ 30304. Prison rape prevention and prosecution
(a) Information and assistance
(1) National clearinghouse
(2) Training and education
(b) Reports
(1) In general
(2) Contents
(c) Authorization of appropriations
(Pub. L. 108–79, § 5, Sept. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 978.)
§ 30305. Grants to protect inmates and safeguard communities
(a) Grants authorized
(b) Use of grant amountsAmounts received by a grantee under this section may be used by the grantee, directly or through subgrants, only for one or more of the following activities:
(1) Protecting inmatesProtecting inmates by—
(A) undertaking efforts to more effectively prevent prison rape;
(B) investigating incidents of prison rape; or
(C) prosecuting incidents of prison rape.
(2) Safeguarding communitiesSafeguarding communities by—
(A) making available, to officials of State and local governments who are considering reductions to prison budgets, training and technical assistance in successful methods for moderating the growth of prison populations without compromising public safety, including successful methods used by other jurisdictions;
(B) developing and utilizing analyses of prison populations and risk assessment instruments that will improve State and local governments’ understanding of risks to the community regarding release of inmates in the prison population;
(C) preparing maps demonstrating the concentration, on a community-by-community basis, of inmates who have been released, to facilitate the efficient and effective—
(i) deployment of law enforcement resources (including probation and parole resources); and
(ii) delivery of services (such as job training and substance abuse treatment) to those released inmates;
(D) promoting collaborative efforts, among officials of State and local governments and leaders of appropriate communities, to understand and address the effects on a community of the presence of a disproportionate number of released inmates in that community; or
(E) developing policies and programs that reduce spending on prisons by effectively reducing rates of parole and probation revocation without compromising public safety.
(c) Grant requirements
(1) Period
(2) Maximum
(3) Matching
(d) Applications
(1) In general
(2) ContentsEach application required by paragraph (1) shall—
(A)
(i) include the certification of the chief executive that the State receiving such grant has adopted all national prison rape standards that, as of the date on which the application was submitted, have been promulgated under this chapter; or
(ii) demonstrate to the Attorney General, in such manner as the Attorney General shall require, that the State receiving such grant is actively working to adopt and achieve full compliance with the national prison rape standards described in clause (i);
(B) specify with particularity the preventative, prosecutorial, or administrative activities to be undertaken by the State with the amounts received under the grant; and
(C) in the case of an application for a grant for one or more activities specified in paragraph (2) of subsection (b)—
(i) review the extent of the budgetary circumstances affecting the State generally and describe how those circumstances relate to the State’s prisons;
(ii) describe the rate of growth of the State’s prison population over the preceding 10 years and explain why the State may have difficulty sustaining that rate of growth; and
(iii) explain the extent to which officials (including law enforcement officials) of State and local governments and victims of crime will be consulted regarding decisions whether, or how, to moderate the growth of the State’s prison population.
(e) Reports by grantee
(1) In generalThe Attorney General shall require each grantee to submit, not later than 90 days after the end of the period for which the grant was made under this section, a report on the activities carried out under the grant. The report shall identify and describe those activities and shall contain an evaluation of the effect of those activities on—
(A) the number of incidents of prison rape, and the grantee’s response to such incidents; and
(B) the safety of the prisons, and the safety of the communities in which released inmates are present.
(2) Dissemination
(f) State defined
(g) Authorization of appropriations
(1) In general
(2) Limitation
(Pub. L. 108–79, § 6, Sept. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 978; Pub. L. 114–324, § 7(1), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1951.)
§ 30306. National Prison Rape Elimination Commission
(a) Establishment
(b) Members
(1) In generalThe Commission shall be composed of 9 members, of whom—
(A) 3 shall be appointed by the President;
(B) 2 shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, unless the Speaker is of the same party as the President, in which case 1 shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives and 1 shall be appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives;
(C) 1 shall be appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives (in addition to any appointment made under subparagraph (B));
(D) 2 shall be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate, unless the majority leader is of the same party as the President, in which case 1 shall be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate and 1 shall be appointed by the minority leader of the Senate; and
(E) 1 member appointed by the minority leader of the Senate (in addition to any appointment made under subparagraph (D)).
(2) Persons eligible
(3) Consultation required
(4) Term
(5) Time for initial appointments
(6) Vacancies
(c) Operation
(1) Chairperson
(2) Meetings
(3) Quorum
(4) Rules
(d) Comprehensive study of the impacts of prison rape
(1) In generalThe Commission shall carry out a comprehensive legal and factual study of the penalogical, physical, mental, medical, social, and economic impacts of prison rape in the United States on—
(A) Federal, State, and local governments; and
(B) communities and social institutions generally, including individuals, families, and businesses within such communities and social institutions.
(2) Matters includedThe study under paragraph (1) shall include—
(A) a review of existing Federal, State, and local government policies and practices with respect to the prevention, detection, and punishment of prison rape;
(B) an assessment of the relationship between prison rape and prison conditions, and of existing monitoring, regulatory, and enforcement practices that are intended to address any such relationship;
(C) an assessment of pathological or social causes of prison rape;
(D) an assessment of the extent to which the incidence of prison rape contributes to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and to the transmission of HIV;
(E) an assessment of the characteristics of inmates most likely to commit prison rape and the effectiveness of various types of treatment or programs to reduce such likelihood;
(F) an assessment of the characteristics of inmates most likely to be victims of prison rape and the effectiveness of various types of treatment or programs to reduce such likelihood;
(G) an assessment of the impacts of prison rape on individuals, families, social institutions and the economy generally, including an assessment of the extent to which the incidence of prison rape contributes to recidivism and to increased incidence of sexual assault;
(H) an examination of the feasibility and cost of conducting surveillance, undercover activities, or both, to reduce the incidence of prison rape;
(I) an assessment of the safety and security of prison facilities and the relationship of prison facility construction and design to the incidence of prison rape;
(J) an assessment of the feasibility and cost of any particular proposals for prison reform;
(K) an identification of the need for additional scientific and social science research on the prevalence of prison rape in Federal, State, and local prisons;
(L) an assessment of the general relationship between prison rape and prison violence;
(M) an assessment of the relationship between prison rape and levels of training, supervision, and discipline of prison staff; and
(N) an assessment of existing Federal and State systems for reporting incidents of prison rape, including an assessment of whether existing systems provide an adequate assurance of confidentiality, impartiality and the absence of reprisal.
(3) Report
(A) DistributionNot later than 5 years after the date of the initial meeting of the Commission, the Commission shall submit a report on the study carried out under this subsection to—
(i) the President;
(ii) the Congress;
(iii) the Attorney General;
(iv) the Secretary of Health and Human Services;
(v) the Director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons;
(vi) the chief executive of each State; and
(vii) the head of the department of corrections of each State.
(B) ContentsThe report under subparagraph (A) shall include—
(i) the findings and conclusions of the Commission;
(ii) recommended national standards for reducing prison rape;
(iii) recommended protocols for preserving evidence and treating victims of prison rape; and
(iv) a summary of the materials relied on by the Commission in the preparation of the report.
(e) Recommendations
(1) In general
(2) Matters includedThe information provided under paragraph (1) shall include recommended national standards relating to—
(A) the classification and assignment of prisoners, using proven standardized instruments and protocols, in a manner that limits the occurrence of prison rape;
(B) the investigation and resolution of rape complaints by responsible prison authorities, local and State police, and Federal and State prosecution authorities;
(C) the preservation of physical and testimonial evidence for use in an investigation of the circumstances relating to the rape;
(D) acute-term trauma care for rape victims, including standards relating to—
(i) the manner and extent of physical examination and treatment to be provided to any rape victim; and
(ii) the manner and extent of any psychological examination, psychiatric care, medication, and mental health counseling to be provided to any rape victim;
(E) referrals for long-term continuity of care for rape victims;
(F) educational and medical testing measures for reducing the incidence of HIV transmission due to prison rape;
(G) post-rape prophylactic medical measures for reducing the incidence of transmission of sexual diseases;
(H) the training of correctional staff sufficient to ensure that they understand and appreciate the significance of prison rape and the necessity of its eradication;
(I) the timely and comprehensive investigation of staff sexual misconduct involving rape or other sexual assault on inmates;
(J) ensuring the confidentiality of prison rape complaints and protecting inmates who make complaints of prison rape;
(K) creating a system for reporting incidents of prison rape that will ensure the confidentiality of prison rape complaints, protect inmates who make prison rape complaints from retaliation, and assure the impartial resolution of prison rape complaints;
(L) data collection and reporting of—
(i) prison rape;
(ii) prison staff sexual misconduct; and
(iii) the resolution of prison rape complaints by prison officials and Federal, State, and local investigation and prosecution authorities; and
(M) such other matters as may reasonably be related to the detection, prevention, reduction, and punishment of prison rape.
(3) Limitation
(f) Consultation with accreditation organizations
(g) Hearings
(1) In general
(2) Witness expenses
(h) Information from Federal or State agencies
(i) Personnel matters
(1) Travel expenses
(2) Detail of Federal employees
(3) Procurement of temporary and intermittent services
(j) Contracts for research
(1) National Institute of Justice
(2) Other organizations
(k) Subpoenas
(1) Issuance
(2) Enforcement
(3) Confidentiality of documentary evidence
(l) Authorization of appropriations
(m) Termination
(n) Exemption
(Pub. L. 108–79, § 7, Sept. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 980; Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title I, § 123(1), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2871; Pub. L. 109–108, title I, § 113(b), Nov. 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 2305; Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, § 1181, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3126; Pub. L. 110–199, title II, § 261, Apr. 9, 2008, 122 Stat. 694; Pub. L. 117–286, § 4(a)(212), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4329.)
§ 30307. Adoption and effect of national standards
(a) Publication of proposed standards
(1) Final rule
(2) Independent judgment
(3) Limitation
(4) Transmission to States
(b) Applicability to Federal Bureau of Prisons
(c) Applicability to detention facilities operated by the Department of Homeland Security
(1) In general
(2) Applicability
(3) ComplianceThe Secretary of Homeland Security shall—
(A) assess compliance with the standards adopted under paragraph (1) on a regular basis; and
(B) include the results of the assessments in performance evaluations of facilities completed by the Department of Homeland Security.
(4) Considerations
(5) Definition
(d) Applicability to custodial facilities operated by the Department of Health and Human Services
(1) In general
(2) Applicability
(3) ComplianceThe Secretary of Health and Human Services shall—
(A) assess compliance with the standards adopted under paragraph (1) on a regular basis; and
(B) include the results of the assessments in performance evaluations of facilities completed by the Department of Health and Human Services.
(4) Considerations
(e) Eligibility for Federal funds
(1) Covered programs
(A) In generalFor purposes of this subsection, a grant program is covered by this subsection if, and only if—
(i) the program is carried out by or under the authority of the Attorney General;
(ii) the program may provide amounts to States for prison purposes; and
(iii) the program is not administered by the Office on Violence Against Women of the Department of Justice.
(B) List
(2) Adoption of national standards
(A) In generalFor each fiscal year, any amount that a State would otherwise receive for prison purposes for that fiscal year under a grant program covered by this subsection shall be reduced by 5 percent, unless the chief executive officer of the State submits to the Attorney General proof of compliance with this chapter through—
(i) a certification that the State has adopted, and is in full compliance with, the national standards described in subsection (a); or
(ii) an assurance that the State intends to adopt and achieve full compliance with those national standards so as to ensure that a certification under clause (i) may be submitted in future years, which includes—(I) a commitment that not less than 5 percent of such amount shall be used for this purpose; or(II) a request that the Attorney General hold 5 percent of such amount in abeyance pursuant to the requirements of subparagraph (E).
(B) Rules for certification
(i) In generalA chief executive officer of a State who submits a certification under this paragraph shall also provide the Attorney General with—(I) a list of the prisons under the operational control of the executive branch of the State;(II) a list of the prisons listed under subclause (I) that were audited during the most recently concluded audit year;(III) all final audit reports for prisons listed under subclause (I) that were completed during the most recently concluded audit year; and(IV) a proposed schedule for completing an audit of all the prisons listed under subclause (I) during the following 3 audit years.
(ii) Audit appeal exception
(C) Rules for assurances
(i) In generalA chief executive officer of a State who submits an assurance under subparagraph (A)(ii) shall also provide the Attorney General with—(I) a list of the prisons under the operational control of the executive branch of the State;(II) a list of the prisons listed under subclause (I) that were audited during the most recently concluded audit year;(III) an explanation of any barriers the State faces to completing required audits;(IV) all final audit reports for prisons listed under subclause (I) that were completed during the most recently concluded audit year;(V) a proposed schedule for completing an audit of all prisons under the operational control of the executive branch of the State during the following 3 audit years; and(VI) an explanation of the State’s current degree of implementation of the national standards.
(ii) Additional requirement
(iii) Accounting of funds
(D) Sunset of assurance option
(i) In general
(ii) Additional sunset
(iii) Emergency assurances(I) Request(II) Grant of request
(E) Disposition of funds held in abeyance
(i) In general
(ii) Release of funds
(iii) Redistribution of funds
(F) Publication of audit results
(G) Report on implementation of national standards
(3) Report on noncompliance
(4) Cooperation with survey
(5) Redistribution of amounts
(6) Implementation
(7) Effective date
(A) Requirement of adoption of standards
(B) Requirement for cooperation
(8) Standards for auditors
(A) In general
(i) Background checks for auditors
(ii) Certification agreements
(iii) Auditor evaluation
(B) Auditor decertification
(i) In general
(ii) Notification
(C) Audit assignments
(D) Disclosure of documentation
(Pub. L. 108–79, § 8, Sept. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 985; Pub. L. 113–4, title XI, § 1101(c), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 134; Pub. L. 114–324, §§ 5, 7(2), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1950, 1951; Pub. L. 115–274, § 4, Oct. 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 4161.)
§ 30308. Requirement that accreditation organizations adopt accreditation standards
(a) Eligibility for Federal grants
(b) Requirements
To be eligible to receive Federal grants, an accreditation organization referred to in subsection (a) must meet the following requirements:
(1) At all times after 90 days after September 4, 2003, the organization shall have in effect, for each facility that it is responsible for accrediting, accreditation standards for the detection, prevention, reduction, and punishment of prison rape.
(2) At all times after 1 year after the date of the adoption of the final rule under section 30307(a)(4) of this title, the organization shall, in addition to any other such standards that it may promulgate relevant to the detection, prevention, reduction, and punishment of prison rape, adopt accreditation standards consistent with the national standards adopted pursuant to such final rule.
(Pub. L. 108–79, § 9, Sept. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 987.)
§ 30309. Definitions
In this chapter, the following definitions shall apply:
(1) Carnal knowledge
(2) Inmate
(3) Jail
The term “jail” means a confinement facility of a Federal, State, or local law enforcement agency to hold—
(A) persons pending adjudication of criminal charges; or
(B) persons committed to confinement after adjudication of criminal charges for sentences of 1 year or less.
(4) HIV
(5) Oral sodomy
(6) Police lockup
The term “police lockup” means a temporary holding facility of a Federal, State, or local law enforcement agency to hold—
(A) inmates pending bail or transport to jail;
(B) inebriates until ready for release; or
(C) juveniles pending parental custody or shelter placement.
(7) Prison
The term “prison” means any confinement facility of a Federal, State, or local government, whether administered by such government or by a private organization on behalf of such government, and includes—
(A) any local jail or police lockup; and
(B) any juvenile facility used for the custody or care of juvenile inmates.
(8) Prison rape
(9) Rape
The term “rape” means—
(A) the carnal knowledge, oral sodomy, sexual assault with an object, or sexual fondling of a person, forcibly or against that person’s will;
(B) the carnal knowledge, oral sodomy, sexual assault with an object, or sexual fondling of a person not forcibly or against the person’s will, where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of his or her youth or his or her temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity; or
(C) the carnal knowledge, oral sodomy, sexual assault with an object, or sexual fondling of a person achieved through the exploitation of the fear or threat of physical violence or bodily injury.
(10) Sexual assault with an object
(11) Sexual fondling
(12) Exclusions
The terms and conditions described in paragraphs (9) and (10) shall not apply to—
(A) custodial or medical personnel gathering physical evidence, or engaged in other legitimate medical treatment, in the course of investigating prison rape;
(B) the use of a health care provider’s hands or fingers or the use of medical devices in the course of appropriate medical treatment unrelated to prison rape; or
(C) the use of a health care provider’s hands or fingers and the use of instruments to perform body cavity searches in order to maintain security and safety within the prison or detention facility, provided that the search is conducted in a manner consistent with constitutional requirements.
(Pub. L. 108–79, § 10, Sept. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 987.)