Collapse to view only § 4512. Administrative provisions
- § 4501. Congressional findings and declaration of policy
- § 4502. Definitions
- § 4503. Issuance of orders
- § 4504. Required terms in orders
- § 4505. Certification of organizations
- § 4506. Requirement of referendum
- § 4507. Suspension and termination of orders
- § 4508. Cooperative association representation
- § 4509. Petition and review
- § 4510. Enforcement
- § 4511. Investigations; power to subpena and take oaths and affirmations; aid of courts
- § 4512. Administrative provisions
- § 4513. Authorization of appropriations
- § 4514. Dairy reports
§ 4501. Congressional findings and declaration of policy
(a) Congress finds that—
(1) dairy products are basic foods that are a valuable part of the human diet;
(2) the production of dairy products plays a significant role in the Nation’s economy, the milk from which dairy products are manufactured is produced by thousands of milk producers, and dairy products are consumed by millions of people throughout the United States;
(3) dairy products must be readily available and marketed efficiently to ensure that the people of the United States receive adequate nourishment;
(4) the maintenance and expansion of existing markets for dairy products are vital to the welfare of milk producers and those concerned with marketing, using, and producing dairy products, as well as to the general economy of the Nation; and
(5) dairy products move in interstate and foreign commerce, and dairy products that do not move in such channels of commerce directly burden or affect interstate commerce of dairy products.
(b) It, therefore, is declared to be the policy of Congress that it is in the public interest to authorize the establishment, through the exercise of the powers provided herein, of an orderly procedure for financing (through assessments on all milk produced in the United States for commercial use and on imported dairy products) and carrying out a coordinated program of promotion designed to strengthen the dairy industry’s position in the marketplace and to maintain and expand domestic and foreign markets and uses for fluid milk and dairy products. Nothing in this subchapter may be construed to provide for the control of production or otherwise limit the right of individual milk producers to produce milk or the right of any person to import dairy products.
(Pub. L. 98–180, title I, § 110, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1136; Pub. L. 107–171, title I, § 1505(h)(1), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 210.)
§ 4502. DefinitionsAs used in this subchapter—
(a) the term “Board” means the National Dairy Promotion and Research Board established under section 4504 of this title;
(b) the term “Department” means the Department of Agriculture;
(c) the term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture;
(d) the term “milk” means any class of cow’s milk;
(e) the term “dairy products” means products manufactured for human consumption which are derived from the processing of milk, and includes fluid milk products;
(f) the term “fluid milk products” means those milk products normally consumed in liquid form as a beverage;
(g) the term “person” means any individual, group of individuals, partnership, corporation, association, cooperative, or any other entity;
(h) the term “producer” means any person engaged in the production of milk for commercial use;
(i) the term “promotion” means actions such as paid advertising, sales promotion, and publicity to advance the image and sales of and demand for dairy products;
(j) the term “research” means studies testing the effectiveness of market development and promotion efforts, studies relating to the nutritional value of milk and dairy products, and other related efforts to expand demand for milk and dairy products;
(k) the term “nutrition education” means those activities intended to broaden the understanding of sound nutritional principles including the role of milk and dairy products in a balanced diet;
(l) the term “United States”, when used in a geographical sense, means all of the States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico;
(m) the term “imported dairy product” means any dairy product that is imported into the United States, including dairy products imported into the United States in the form of—
(1) milk, cream, and fresh and dried dairy products;
(2) butter and butterfat mixtures;
(3) cheese; and
(4) casein and mixtures;
(n) the term “importer” means a person that imports an imported dairy product into the United States; and
(o) the term “Customs” means the United States Customs Service.
(Pub. L. 98–180, title I, § 111, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1136; Pub. L. 107–171, title I, § 1505(a), (h)(2), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 207, 210; Pub. L. 110–234, title I, § 1507(b), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 997; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title I, § 1507(b), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1725.)
§ 4503. Issuance of orders
(a) Notice and opportunity for public comment
(b) Effective date of orders
(c) Amendment of orders
(d) Order implementation and international trade obligations
(Pub. L. 98–180, title I, § 112, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1137;
§ 4504. Required terms in ordersAny order issued under this subchapter shall contain terms and conditions as follows:
(a) The order shall provide for the establishment and administration of appropriate plans or projects for advertisement and promotion of the sale and consumption of dairy products, for research projects related thereto, for nutrition education projects, and for the disbursement of necessary funds for such purposes. Any such plan or project shall be directed toward the sale and marketing or use of dairy products to the end that the marketing and use of dairy products may be encouraged, expanded, improved, or made more acceptable. No such advertising or sales promotion program shall make use of unfair or deceptive acts or practices with respect to the quality, value, or use of any competing product.
(b)National Dairy Promotion and Research Board.—
(1) The order shall provide for the establishment and appointment by the Secretary of a National Dairy Promotion and Research Board that shall consist of not less than thirty-six members.
(2) Except as provided in paragraph (6), the members of the Board shall be milk producers appointed by the Secretary from nominations submitted by eligible organizations certified under section 4505 of this title, or, if the Secretary determines that a substantial number of milk producers are not members of, or their interests are not represented by, any such eligible organization, then from nominations made by such milk producers in the manner authorized by the Secretary.
(3) In making such appointments, the Secretary shall take into account, to the extent practicable, the geographical distribution of milk production volume throughout the United States.
(4) In determining geographic representation, whole States shall be considered as a unit.
(5) A region may be represented by more than one director and a region may be made up of more than one State.
(6)Importers.—
(A)Initial representation.—In making initial appointments to the Board of importer representatives, the Secretary shall appoint 2 members who represent importers of dairy products and are subject to assessments under the order.
(B)Subsequent representation.—At least once every 3 years after the initial appointment of importer representatives under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall review the average volume of domestic production of dairy products compared to the average volume of imports of dairy products into the United States during the previous 3 years and, on the basis of that review, shall reapportion importer representation on the Board to reflect the proportional share of the United States market by domestic production and imported dairy products.
(C)Additional members; nominations.—The members appointed under this paragraph—
(i) shall be in addition to the total number of members appointed under paragraph (2); and
(ii) shall be appointed from nominations submitted by importers under such procedures as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.
(7) The term of appointment to the Board shall be for three years with no member serving more than two consecutive terms, except that initial appointments shall be proportionately for one-year, two-year, and three-year terms.
(8) The Board shall appoint from its members an executive committee whose membership shall equally reflect each of the different regions in the United States in which milk is produced as well as importers of dairy products.
(9) The executive committee shall have such duties and powers as are conferred upon it by the Board.
(10) Board members shall serve without compensation, but shall be reimbursed for their reasonable expenses incurred in performing their duties as members of the Board including a per diem allowance as recommended by the Board and approved by the Secretary.
(c) The order shall define the powers and duties of the Board that shall include only the powers enumerated in this section. These shall include, in addition to the powers set forth elsewhere in this section, the powers to (1) receive and evaluate, or on its own initiative develop, and budget for plans or projects to promote the use of fluid milk and dairy products as well as projects for research and nutrition education and to make recommendations to the Secretary regarding such proposals, (2) administer the order in accordance with its terms and provisions, (3) make rules and regulations to effectuate the terms and provisions of the order, (4) receive, investigate, and report to the Secretary complaints of violations of the order, and (5) recommend to the Secretary amendments to the order. The Board shall solicit, among others, research proposals that would increase the use of fluid milk and dairy products by the military and by persons in developing nations, and that would demonstrate the feasibility of converting surplus nonfat dry milk to casein for domestic and export use.
(d) The order shall provide that the Board shall develop and submit to the Secretary for approval any promotion, research, or nutrition education plan or project and that any such plan or project must be approved by the Secretary before becoming effective.
(e)Budgets.—
(1)Preparation and submission.—The order shall require the Board to submit to the Secretary for approval budgets on a fiscal period basis of its anticipated expenses and disbursements in the administration of the order, including projected costs of dairy products promotion and research projects.
(2)Foreign market efforts.—The order shall authorize the Board to expend in the maintenance and expansion of foreign markets an amount not to exceed the amount collected from United States producers for a fiscal year. Of those funds, for each of the 2002 through 2023 fiscal years, the Board’s budget may provide for the expenditure of revenues available to the Board to develop international markets for, and to promote within such markets, the consumption of dairy products produced or manufactured in the United States.
(f) The order shall provide that the Board, with the approval of the Secretary, may enter into agreements for the development and conduct of the activities authorized under the order as specified in subsection (a) and for the payment of the cost thereof with funds collected through assessments under the order. Any such agreement shall provide that (1) the contracting party shall develop and submit to the Board a plan or project together with a budget or budgets that shall show estimated costs to be incurred for such plan or project, (2) the plan or project shall become effective upon the approval of the Secretary, and (3) the contracting party shall keep accurate records of all of its transactions, account for funds received and expended, and make periodic reports to the Board of activities conducted, and such other reports as the Secretary or the Board may require.
(g)Assessments.—
(1) The order shall provide that each person making payment to a producer for milk produced in the United States and purchased from the producer shall, in the manner as prescribed by the order, collect an assessment based upon the number of hundredweights of milk for commercial use handled for the account of the producer and remit the assessment to the Board.
(2) The assessment shall be used for payment of the expenses in administering the order, with provision for a reasonable reserve, and shall include those administrative costs incurred by the Department after an order has been promulgated under this subchapter.
(3)Rate.—
(A)In general.—The rate of assessment for milk produced in the United States prescribed by the order shall be 15 cents per hundredweight of milk for commercial use or the equivalent thereof, as determined by the Secretary.
(B)Imported dairy products.—The rate of assessment for imported dairy products prescribed by the order shall be 7.5 cents per hundredweight of milk for commercial use or the equivalent thereof, as determined by the Secretary.
(4) A milk producer or the producer’s cooperative who can establish that the producer is participating in active, ongoing qualified State or regional dairy product promotion or nutrition education programs intended to increase consumption of milk and dairy products generally shall receive credit in determining the assessment due from such producer for contributions to such programs of up to 10 cents per hundredweight of milk marketed or, for the period ending six months after November 29, 1983, up to the aggregate rate in effect on November 29, 1983, of such contributions to such programs (but not to exceed 15 cents per hundredweight of milk marketed) if such aggregate rate exceeds 10 cents per hundredweight of milk marketed.
(5) Any person marketing milk of that person’s own production directly to consumers shall remit the assessment directly to the Board in the manner prescribed by the order.
(6)Importers.—
(A)In general.—The order shall provide that each importer of imported dairy products shall pay an assessment to the Board in the manner prescribed by the order.
(B)Use of assessments on imported dairy products.—Assessments collected on imported dairy products shall not be used for foreign market promotion.
(7)Refund of assessments on certain imported products.—
(A)In general.—An importer shall be entitled to a refund of any assessment paid under this subsection on imported dairy products imported under a contract entered into prior to the date of enactment of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008.
(B)Expiration.—Refunds under subparagraph (A) shall expire 1 year after the date of enactment of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008.
(h) The order shall require the Board to (1) maintain such books and records (which shall be available to the Secretary for inspection and audit) as the Secretary may prescribe, (2) prepare and submit to the Secretary, from time to time, such reports as the Secretary may prescribe, and (3) account for the receipt and disbursement of all funds entrusted to it.
(i) The order shall provide that the Board, with the approval of the Secretary, may invest, pending disbursement under a plan or project, funds collected through assessments authorized under this subchapter only in obligations of the United States or any agency thereof, in general obligations of any State or any political subdivision thereof, in any interest-bearing account or certificate of deposit of a bank that is a member of the Federal Reserve System, or in obligations fully guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States.
(j) The order shall prohibit any funds collected by the Board under the order from being used in any manner for the purpose of influencing governmental policy or action except as provided by subsection (c)(5).
(k) The order shall require that each importer of imported dairy products, each person receiving milk from farmers for commercial use, and any person marketing milk of that person’s own production directly to consumers, maintain and make available for inspection such books and records as may be required by the order and file reports at the time, in the manner, and having the span prescribed by the order. Such information shall be made available to the Secretary as is appropriate to the administration or enforcement of this subchapter, or any order or regulation issued under this subchapter. All information so obtained shall be kept confidential by all officers and employees of the Department, and only such information so obtained as the Secretary deems relevant may be disclosed by them and then only in a suit or administrative hearing brought at the request of the Secretary, or to which the Secretary or any officer of the United States is a party, and involving the order with reference to which the information to be disclosed was obtained. Nothing in this subsection may be deemed to prohibit (1) the issuance of general statements, based upon the reports, of the number of persons subject to an order or statistical data collected therefrom, which statements do not identify the information furnished by any person, or (2) the publication, by direction of the Secretary, of the name of any person violating any order, together with a statement of the particular provisions of the order violated by such person. No information obtained under the authority of this subchapter may be made available to any agency or officer of the Federal Government for any purpose other than the implementation of this subchapter and any investigatory or enforcement action necessary for the implementation of this subchapter. Any person violating the provisions of this subsection shall, upon conviction, be subject to a fine of not more than $1,000, or to imprisonment for not more than one year, or both, and, if an officer or employee of the Board or the Department, shall be removed from office.
(l) The order shall provide terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the provisions of this subchapter, as necessary to effectuate the provisions of the order.
(Pub. L. 98–180, title I, § 113, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1137; Pub. L. 104–127, title I, § 152, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 922; Pub. L. 107–171, title I, § 1505(b)–(e), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 208, 209; Pub. L. 110–234, title I, § 1507(a), (d)–(f), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 997; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title I, § 1507(a), (d)–(f), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1725; Pub. L. 113–79, title I, § 1426, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 695; Pub. L. 115–334, title I, § 1402(c), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4518.)
§ 4505. Certification of organizations
(a) The eligibility of any organization to represent milk producers, and to participate in the making of nominations under section 4504 of this title shall be certified by the Secretary. The Secretary shall certify any organization that the Secretary determines meets the eligibility criteria established by the Secretary under this section and the Secretary’s determination as to eligibility shall be final.
(b) Certification shall be based, in addition to other available information, on a factual report submitted by the organization, which shall contain information deemed relevant and specified by the Secretary, including, but not limited to, the following:
(1) geographic territory covered by the organization’s active membership;
(2) nature and size of the organization’s active membership including the proportion of the total number of active milk producers represented by the organization;
(3) evidence of stability and permanency of the organization;
(4) sources from which the organization’s operating funds are derived;
(5) functions of the organization; and
(6) the organization’s ability and willingness to further the aims and objectives of this subchapter.
The primary considerations in determining the eligibility of an organization shall be whether its membership consists primarily of milk producers who produce a substantial volume of milk and whether the primary or overriding interest of the organization is in the production or processing of fluid milk and dairy products and promotion of the nutritional attributes of fluid milk and dairy products.
(Pub. L. 98–180, title I, § 114, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1140.)
§ 4506. Requirement of referendum
(a) Within the sixty-day period immediately preceding September 30, 1985, the Secretary shall conduct a referendum among producers who, during a representative period (as determined by the Secretary), have been engaged in the production of milk for commercial use for the purpose of ascertaining whether the order then in effect shall be continued. Such order shall be continued only if the Secretary determines that it has been approved by not less than a majority of the producers voting in the referendum, who during a representative period (as determined by the Secretary) have been engaged in the production of milk for commercial use. If continuation of the order is not approved by a majority of the producers voting in the referendum, the Secretary shall terminate collection of assessments under the order within six months after the Secretary determines that such action is favored by a majority of the producers voting in the referendum and shall terminate the order in an orderly manner as soon as practicable after such determination.
(b) The Secretary shall be reimbursed from assessments collected by the Board for any expenses incurred by the Department in connection with the conduct of any referendum under this section and section 4507 of this title, except for the salaries of Government employees.
(Pub. L. 98–180, title I, § 115, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1141.)
§ 4507. Suspension and termination of orders
(a) Determination by Secretary
(b) Referendum
(c) Action not considered an order
(Pub. L. 98–180, title I, § 116, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1141; Pub. L. 107–171, title I, § 1505(f), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 209.)
§ 4508. Cooperative association representation
Whenever, under the provisions of this subchapter, the Secretary is required to determine the approval or disapproval of producers, the Secretary shall consider the approval or disapproval by any cooperative association of producers, engaged in a bona fide manner in marketing milk or the products thereof, as the approval or disapproval of the producers who are members of or under contract with such cooperative association of producers. If a cooperative association of producers elects to vote on behalf of its members, such cooperative association shall provide each producer, on whose behalf the cooperative association is expressing approval or disapproval, a description of the question presented in the referendum together with a statement of the manner in which the cooperative association intends to cast its vote on behalf of the membership. Such information shall inform the producer of procedures to follow to cast an individual ballot should the producer so choose within the period of time established by the Secretary for casting ballots. Such notification shall be made at least thirty days prior to the referendum and shall include an official ballot. The ballots shall be tabulated by the Secretary and the vote of the cooperative association shall be adjusted to reflect such individual votes.
(Pub. L. 98–180, title I, § 117, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1141.)
§ 4509. Petition and review
(a) Any person subject to any order issued under this subchapter may file with the Secretary a petition stating that any such order or any provision of such order or any obligation imposed in connection therewith is not in accordance with law and requesting a modification thereof or an exemption therefrom. The petitioner shall thereupon be given an opportunity for a hearing on the petition, in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary. After such hearing, the Secretary shall make a ruling on the petition, which shall be final if in accordance with law.
(b) The district courts of the United States in any district in which such person is an inhabitant or carries on business are hereby vested with jurisdiction to review such ruling, if a complaint for that purpose is filed within twenty days from the date of the entry of such ruling. Service of process in such proceedings may be had on the Secretary by delivering a copy of the complaint to the Secretary. If the court determines that such ruling is not in accordance with law, it shall remand such proceedings to the Secretary with directions either (1) to make such ruling as the court shall determine to be in accordance with law, or (2) to take such further proceedings as, in its opinion, the law requires.
(Pub. L. 98–180, title I, § 118, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1142.)
§ 4510. Enforcement
(a) Restraining order; civil action; minor violation
(b) Civil penalties
(c) Availability of other remedies
(Pub. L. 98–180, title I, § 119, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1142.)
§ 4511. Investigations; power to subpena and take oaths and affirmations; aid of courts
The Secretary may make such investigations as the Secretary deems necessary for the effective administration of this subchapter or to determine whether any person subject to the provisions of this subchapter has engaged or is about to engage in any act that constitutes or will constitute a violation of any provision of this subchapter or of any order, or rule or regulation issued under this subchapter. For the purpose of such investigation, the Secretary may administer oaths and affirmations, subpena witnesses, compel their attendance, take evidence, and require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. Such attendance of witnesses and the production of any such records may be required from any place in the United States. In case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a subpena to, any person, the Secretary may invoke the aid of any court of the United States within the jurisdiction of which such investigation or proceeding is carried on, or where such person resides or carries on business, in requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of records. The court may issue an order requiring such person to appear before the Secretary to produce records or to give testimony touching the matter under investigation. Any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof. Process in any such case may be served in the judicial district in which such person is an inhabitant or wherever such person may be found.
(Pub. L. 98–180, title I, § 120, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1143.)
§ 4512. Administrative provisions
(a) Nothing in this subchapter may be construed to preempt or supersede any other program relating to dairy product promotion organized and operated under the laws of the United States or any State.
(b) The provisions of this subchapter applicable to orders shall be applicable to amendments to orders.
(Pub. L. 98–180, title I, § 121, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1143.)
§ 4513. Authorization of appropriations
There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such funds as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter. The funds so appropriated shall not be available for payment of the expenses or expenditures of the Board in administering any provisions of any order issued under the terms of this subchapter.
(Pub. L. 98–180, title I, § 122, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1143.)
§ 4514. Dairy reportsThe Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the House Committee on Agriculture and the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry the following reports:
(1) Not later than July 1, 1984, a report on the effect of applying, nationally, standards similar to the current California standards for fluid milk products in their final consumer form, as they would relate to—
(A) consumer acceptance, overall consumer consumption trends, and total per capita consumption;
(B) nutritional augmentation, particularly for young and older Americans;
(C) implementing improved interagency enforcement of minimum standards to prevent consumer fraud and deception;
(D) multiple component pricing for producer milk;
(E) reduced Commodity Credit Corporation purchases;
(F) consistency of product quality throughout the year and between marketing regions of the United States; and
(G) consumer prices.
(2) Not later than December 31, 1984, a report on (A) recommendations for changes in the application of the parity formula to milk so as to make the formula more consistent with modern production methods and with special attention to the cost of producing milk as a result of changes in productivity, and (B) the feasibility of imposing a limitation on the total amount of payments and other assistance a producer of milk may receive during a year under section 1446(d) of this title.
(3) Not later than April 15, 1985, a report on the effectiveness of the paid diversion program carried out under section 1446(d) of this title.
(4) Not later than July 1, 1985, and July 1 of each year after the date of enactment of this title,1
1 See References in Text note below.
an annual report describing activities conducted under the dairy products promotion and research order issued under subtitle B of title I of this Act [7 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.], and accounting for the receipt and disbursement of all funds received by the National Dairy Promotion and Research Board under such order including an independent analysis of the effectiveness of the program.(Pub. L. 98–180, title III, § 301, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1150.)