(a) The pulp and paper manufacturing source category consists of facilities that produce market pulp (i.e., stand-alone pulp facilities), manufacture pulp and paper (i.e., integrated facilities), produce paper products from purchased pulp, produce secondary fiber from recycled paper, convert paper into paperboard products (e.g., containers), or operate coating and laminating processes.

(b) The emission units for which GHG emissions must be reported are listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(5) of this section:

(1) Chemical recovery furnaces at kraft and soda mills (including recovery furnaces that burn spent pulping liquor produced by both the kraft and semichemical process).

(2) Chemical recovery combustion units at sulfite facilities.

(3) Chemical recovery combustion units at stand-alone semichemical facilities.

(4) Pulp mill lime kilns at kraft and soda facilities.

(5) Systems for adding makeup chemicals (CaCO3, Na2CO3) in the chemical recovery areas of chemical pulp mills.

You must report GHG emissions under this subpart if your facility contains a pulp and paper manufacturing process and the facility meets the requirements of either § 98.2(a)(1) or (a)(2).

You must report the emissions listed in paragraphs (a) through (f) of this section:

(a) CO2, biogenic CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from each kraft or soda chemical recovery furnace.

(b) CO2, biogenic CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from each sulfite chemical recovery combustion unit.

(c) CO2, biogenic CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from each stand-alone semichemical chemical recovery combustion unit.

(d) CO2, biogenic CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from each kraft or soda pulp mill lime kiln.

(e) CO2 emissions from addition of makeup chemicals (CaCO3, Na2CO3) in the chemical recovery areas of chemical pulp mills.

(f) CO2, CH4, and N2O combustion emissions from each stationary combustion unit. You must calculate and report these emissions under subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources) by following the requirements of subpart C.

(a) For each chemical recovery furnace located at a kraft or soda facility, you must determine CO2, biogenic CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions using the procedures in paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section. CH4 and N2O emissions must be calculated as the sum of emissions from combustion of fuels and combustion of biomass in spent liquor solids.

(1) Calculate CO2 emissions from fuel combustion using direct measurement of fuels consumed and default emissions factors according to the Tier 1 methodology for stationary combustion sources in § 98.33(a)(1). Tiers 2 or 3 from § 98.33(a)(2) or (3) may be used to calculate CO2 emissions if the respective monitoring and QA/QC requirements described in § 98.34 are met.

(2) Calculate CH4 and N2O emissions from fuel combustion using direct measurement of fuels consumed, default or site-specific HHV, and default emissions factors and convert to metric tons of CO2 equivalent according to the methodology for stationary combustion sources in § 98.33(c).

(3) Calculate biogenic CO2 emissions and emissions of CH4 and N2O from biomass using measured quantities of spent liquor solids fired, site-specific HHV, and default emissions factors, according to equation AA-1 to this section:

(4) Calculate biogenic CO2 emissions from combustion of biomass (other than spent liquor solids) with other fuels according to the applicable methodology for stationary combustion sources in § 98.33(e).

(b) For each chemical recovery combustion unit located at a sulfite or stand-alone semichemical facility, you must determine CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions using the procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section:

(1) Calculate CO2 emissions from fuel combustion using direct measurement of fuels consumed and default emissions factors according to the Tier 1 Calculation Methodology for stationary combustion sources in § 98.33(a)(1). Tiers 2 or 3 from § 98.33(a)(2) or (3) may be used to calculate CO2 emissions if the respective monitoring and QA/QC requirements described in § 98.34 are met.

(2) Calculate CH4 and N2O emissions from fuel combustion using direct measurement of fuels consumed, default or site-specific HHV, and default emissions factors and convert to metric tons of CO2 equivalent according to the methodology for stationary combustion sources in § 98.33(c).

(3) Calculate biogenic CO2 emissions using measured quantities of spent liquor solids fired and the carbon content of the spent liquor solids, according to equation AA-2 to this section:

(4) Calculate biogenic CO2 emissions from combustion of biomass (other than spent liquor solids) with other fuels according to the applicable methodology for stationary combustion sources in § 98.33(e).

(c) For each pulp mill lime kiln located at a kraft or soda facility, you must determine CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions using the procedures in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section:

(1) Calculate CO2 emissions from fuel combustion using direct measurement of fuels consumed and default HHV and default emissions factors, according to the Tier 1 Calculation Methodology for stationary combustion sources in § 98.33(a)(1). Tiers 2 or 3 from § 98.33(a)(2) or (3) may be used to calculate CO2 emissions if the respective monitoring and QA/QC requirements described in § 98.34 are met.

(2) Calculate CH4 and N2O emissions from fuel combustion using direct measurement of fuels consumed, default or site-specific HHV, and default emissions factors and convert to metric tons of CO2 equivalent according to the methodology for stationary combustion sources in § 98.33(c); use the default HHV listed in table C-1 to subpart C of this part and the default CH4 and N2O emissions factors listed in table AA-2 to this subpart.

(3) Biogenic CO2 emissions from conversion of CaCO3 to CaO are included in the biogenic CO2 estimates calculated for the chemical recovery furnace in paragraph (a)(3) of this section.

(4) Calculate biogenic CO2 emissions from combustion of biomass with other fuels according to the applicable methodology for stationary combustion sources in § 98.33(e).

(d) For makeup chemical use, you must calculate CO2 emissions by using direct or indirect measurement of the quantity of chemicals added and ratios of the molecular weights of CO2 and the makeup chemicals, according to equation AA-3 to this section:

(a) Each facility subject to this subpart must quality assure the GHG emissions data according to the applicable requirements in § 98.34. All QA/QC data must be available for inspection upon request.

(b) Fuel properties needed to perform the calculations in Equations AA-1 and AA-2 of this subpart must be determined according to paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(3) of this section.

(1) High heat values of black liquor must be determined no less than annually using T684 om-06 Gross Heating Value of Black Liquor, TAPPI (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7). If measurements are performed more frequently than annually, then the high heat value used in Equation AA-1 of this subpart must be based on the average of the representative measurements made during the year.

(2) The annual mass of spent liquor solids must be determined using either of the methods specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i) or (b)(2)(ii) of this section.

(i) Measure the mass of spent liquor solids annually (or more frequently) using T-650 om-05 Solids Content of Black Liquor, TAPPI (incorporated by reference in § 98.7). If measurements are performed more frequently than annually, then the mass of spent liquor solids used in Equation AA-1 of this subpart must be based on the average of the representative measurements made during the year.

(ii) Determine the annual mass of spent liquor solids based on records of measurements made with an online measurement system that determines the mass of spent liquor solids fired in a chemical recovery furnace or chemical recovery combustion unit.

(3) Carbon analyses for spent pulping liquor must be determined no less than annually using ASTM D5373-08 Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7). If measurements using ASTM D5373-08 are performed more frequently than annually, then the spent pulping liquor carbon content used in Equation AA-2 of this subpart must be based on the average of the representative measurements made during the year.

(c) Each facility must keep records that include a detailed explanation of how company records of measurements are used to estimate GHG emissions. The owner or operator must also document the procedures used to ensure the accuracy of the measurements of fuel, spent liquor solids, and makeup chemical usage, including, but not limited to calibration of weighing equipment, fuel flow meters, and other measurement devices. The estimated accuracy of measurements made with these devices must be recorded and the technical basis for these estimates must be provided. The procedures used to convert spent pulping liquor flow rates to units of mass (i.e., spent liquor solids firing rates) also must be documented.

(d) Records must be made available upon request for verification of the calculations and measurements.

A complete record of all measured parameters used in the GHG emissions calculations is required. Therefore, whenever a quality-assured value of a required parameter is unavailable (e.g., if a meter malfunctions during unit operation or if a required sample is not taken), a substitute data value for the missing parameter shall be used in the calculations, according to the requirements of paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section:

(a) There are no missing data procedures for measurements of heat content and carbon content of spent pulping liquor. A re-test must be performed if the data from any annual measurements are determined to be invalid.

(b) For missing measurements of the mass of spent liquor solids or spent pulping liquor flow rates, use the lesser value of either the maximum mass or fuel flow rate for the combustion unit, or the maximum mass or flow rate that the fuel meter can measure. Alternatively, records of the daily spent liquor solids firing rate obtained to comply with § 63.866(c)(1) of this chapter may be used, adjusting for the duration of the missing measurements, as appropriate.

(c) For the use of makeup chemicals (carbonates), the substitute data value shall be the best available estimate of makeup chemical consumption, based on available data (e.g., past accounting records, production rates). The owner or operator shall document and keep records of the procedures used for all such estimates.

(a) Annual emissions of CO2, biogenic CO2, CH4, and N2O (metric tons per year).

(b) [Reserved]

(c) Basis for determining the annual mass of the spent liquor solids combusted (whether based on T650 om-05 Solids Content of Black Liquor, TAPPI (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) or an online measurement system).

(d) [Reserved]

(e) The default emission factor for CO2, CH4, or N2O, used in Equation AA-1 of this subpart (kg CO2, CH4, or N2O per mmBtu).

(f)-(i) [Reserved]

(j) Annual steam purchases (pounds of steam per year).

(k) Total annual production of unbleached virgin chemical pulp produced onsite during the reporting year in air-dried metric tons per year. This total annual production value is the sum of all kraft, semichemical, soda, and sulfite pulp produced onsite, prior to bleaching, through all virgin pulping lines. Do not include mechanical pulp or secondary fiber repulped for paper production in the virgin pulp production total.

(l) For each pulp mill lime kiln, report the information specified in paragraphs (l)(1) and (2) of this section.

(1) The quantity of calcium oxide (CaO) produced (metric tons).

(2) The percent of annual heat input, individually for each fossil fuel type.

In addition to the information required by § 98.3(g), you must retain the records in paragraphs (a) through (g) of this section.

(a) GHG emission estimates (including separate estimates of biogenic CO2) for each emissions source listed under § 98.270(b).

(b) Annual analyses of spent pulping liquor HHV for each chemical recovery furnace at kraft and soda facilities.

(c) Annual analyses of spent pulping liquor carbon content for each chemical recovery combustion unit at a sulfite or semichemical pulp facility.

(d) Annual quantity of spent liquor solids combusted in each chemical recovery furnace and chemical recovery combustion unit, and the basis for determining the annual quantity of the spent liquor solids combusted (whether based on T650 om-05 Solids Content of Black Liquor, TAPPI (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7) or an online measurement system). If an online measurement system is used, you must retain records of the calculations used to determine the annual quantity of spent liquor solids combusted from the continuous measurements.

(e) Annual steam purchases.

(f) Annual quantities of makeup chemicals used.

(g) Verification software records. You must keep a record of the file generated by the verification software specified in § 98.5(b) for the applicable data specified in paragraphs (g)(1) through (27) of this section. Retention of this file satisfies the recordkeeping requirement for the data in paragraphs (g)(1) through (27) of this section.

(1) Mass of the solid fuel combusted (tons/year) (Equation C-1 of § 98.33).

(2) Volume of the liquid fuel combusted (gallons/year) (Equation C-1).

(3) Volume of the gaseous fuel combusted (scf/year) (Equation C-1).

(4) Annual natural gas usage (therms/year) (Equation C-1a of § 98.33).

(5) Annual natural gas usage (mmBtu/year) (Equation C-1b of § 98.33).

(6) Mass of the solid fuel combusted (tons/year) (Equation C-2a of § 98.33).

(7) Volume of the liquid fuel combusted (gallons/year) (Equation C-2a).

(8) Volume of the gaseous fuel combusted (scf/year) (Equation C-2a).

(9) Annual mass of the solid fuel combusted (short tons/year) (Equation C-3 of § 98.33).

(10) Annual average carbon content of the solid fuel (percent by weight, expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation C-3).

(11) Annual volume of the liquid fuel combusted (gallons/year) (Equation C-4 of § 98.33).

(12) Annual average carbon content of the liquid fuel (kg C per gallon of fuel) (Equation C-4).

(13) Annual volume of the gaseous fuel combusted (scf/year) (Equation C-5 of § 98.33).

(14) Annual average carbon content of the gaseous fuel (kg C per kg of fuel) (Equation C-5).

(15) Annual average molecular weight of the gaseous fuel (kg/kg-mole) (Equation C-5).

(16) Molar volume conversion factor at standard conditions, as defined in § 98.6 (scf per kg-mole) (Equation C-5).

(17) Identify if you will use the default high heat value from Table C-1 of subpart C of this part, or actual HHV data (Equation C-8 of § 98.33).

(18) High heat value of the fuel (mmBTU/tons) (Equation C-8).

(19) High heat value of the fuel (mmBTU/gallons) (Equation C-8).

(20) High heat value of the fuel (mmBTU/scf) (Equation C-8).

(21) Mass of spent liquor solids combusted from each chemical recovery furnace located at a kraft or soda facility, in short tons in year, determined according to § 98.274(b) (tons/year) (Equation AA-1 of § 98.273).

(22) Annual high heat value of the spent liquor solids from each chemical recovery furnace located at a kraft or soda facility determined according to § 98.274(b) (mmBtu per kilogram) (Equation AA-1).

(23) Annual high heat value of the spent liquor solids from each chemical recovery combustion unit located at a sulfite or stand-alone semichemical facility, determined according to § 98.274(b) (mmBtu per kilogram) (Equation AA-1).

(24) Mass of the spent liquor solids combusted in short tons per year determined according to § 98.274(b) (tons/year) (Equation AA-2 of § 98.273).

(25) Annual carbon content of the spent liquor solids, determined according to § 98.274(b) (percent by weight, expressed as a decimal fraction (e.g., 95% = 0.95)) (Equation AA-2).

(26) Make-up quantity of CaCO3 used for the reporting year (metric tons/year) (Equation AA-3 of § 98.273).

(27) Make-up quantity of Na2CO3 used for the reporting year metric tons/year) (Equation AA-3).

All terms used in this subpart have the same meaning given in the Clean Air Act and subpart A of this part.