View all text of Part 531 [§ 531.1 - § 531.6]
§ 531.5 - Fuel economy standards.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, each manufacturer of passenger automobiles shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy standards in Table 1 to this paragraph (a), expressed in miles per gallon, in the model year specified as applicable:
Table 1 to § 531.5(
Model year | Average fuel economy standard (miles per gallon) | 1978 | 18.0 | 1979 | 19.0 | 1980 | 20.0 | 1981 | 22.0 | 1982 | 24.0 | 1983 | 26.0 | 1984 | 27.0 | 1985 | 27.5 | 1986 | 26.0 | 1987 | 26.0 | 1988 | 26.0 | 1989 | 26.5 | 1990-2010 | 27.5 |
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(b) For model year 2011, a manufacturer's passenger automobile fleet shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy level calculated for that model year according to Figure 1 to this paragraph (b) and the appropriate values in Table 2 to this paragraph (b).
Where: N is the total number (sum) of passenger automobiles produced by a manufacturer; NTable 2 to § 531.5(
Model year | Parameters | 2011 | 31.20 | 24.00 | 51.41 | 1.91 |
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(c) For model years 2012-2026, a manufacturer's passenger automobile fleet shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy level calculated for that model year (MY) according to Figure 2 to this paragraph (c) and the appropriate values in Table 3 to this paragraph (c).
Where: CAFETable 3 to § 531.5(
[MYs 2012-2026]
Model year | Parameters | (mpg) | (mpg) | (gal/mi/ft 2) | (gal/mi) | 2012 | 35.95 | 27.95 | 0.0005308 | 0.006057 | 2013 | 36.80 | 28.46 | 0.0005308 | 0.005410 | 2014 | 37.75 | 29.03 | 0.0005308 | 0.004725 | 2015 | 39.24 | 29.90 | 0.0005308 | 0.003719 | 2016 | 41.09 | 30.96 | 0.0005308 | 0.002573 | 2017 | 43.61 | 32.65 | 0.0005131 | 0.001896 | 2018 | 45.21 | 33.84 | 0.0004954 | 0.001811 | 2019 | 46.87 | 35.07 | 0.0004783 | 0.001729 | 2020 | 48.74 | 36.47 | 0.0004603 | 0.001643 | 2021 | 49.48 | 37.02 | 0.000453 | 0.00162 | 2022 | 50.24 | 37.59 | 0.000447 | 0.00159 | 2023 | 51.00 | 38.16 | 0.000440 | 0.00157 | 2024 | 55.44 | 41.48 | 0.000405 | 0.00144 | 2025 | 60.26 | 45.08 | 0.000372 | 0.00133 | 2026 | 66.95 | 50.09 | 0.000335 | 0.00120 |
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(d) In addition to the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, each manufacturer shall also meet the minimum fleet standard for domestically manufactured passenger automobiles expressed in Table 4 to this paragraph (d):
Table 4 to § 531.5(
[MYs 2011-2026]
Model year | Minimum standard | 2011 | 27.8 | 2012 | 30.7 | 2013 | 31.4 | 2014 | 32.1 | 2015 | 33.3 | 2016 | 34.7 | 2017 | 36.7 | 2018 | 38.0 | 2019 | 39.4 | 2020 | 40.9 | 2021 | 39.9 | 2022 | 40.6 | 2023 | 41.1 | 2024 | 44.3 | 2025 | 48.1 | 2026 | 53.5 |
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(e) The following manufacturers shall comply with the standards indicated in paragraphs (e)(1) through (15) of this section for the specified model years:
(1) Avanti Motor Corporation.
Table 5 to § 531.5(
Model year | Miles per gallon | 1978 | 16.1 | 1979 | 14.5 | 1980 | 15.8 | 1981 | 18.2 | 1982 | 18.2 | 1983 | 16.9 | 1984 | 16.9 | 1985 | 16.9 |
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(2) Rolls-Royce Motors, Inc.
Table 6 to § 531.5(
Model year | Miles per gallon | 1978 | 10.7 | 1979 | 10.8 | 1980 | 11.1 | 1981 | 10.7 | 1982 | 10.6 | 1983 | 9.9 | 1984 | 10.0 | 1985 | 10.0 | 1986 | 11.0 | 1987 | 11.2 | 1988 | 11.2 | 1989 | 11.2 | 1990 | 12.7 | 1991 | 12.7 | 1992 | 13.8 | 1993 | 13.8 | 1994 | 13.8 | 1995 | 14.6 | 1996 | 14.6 | 1997 | 15.1 | 1998 | 16.3 | 1999 | 16.3 |
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(3) Checker Motors Corporation.
Table 7 to § 531.5(
Model year | Miles per gallon | 1978 | 17.6 | 1979 | 16.5 | 1980 | 18.5 | 1981 | 18.3 | 1982 | 18.4 |
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(4) Aston Martin Lagonda Limited.
Table 8 to § 531.5(
Model year | (Miles per
gallon) | 1979 | 11.5 | 1980 | 12.1 | 1981 | 12.2 | 1982 | 12.2 | 1983 | 11.3 | 1984 | 11.3 | 1985 | 11.4 | 2008 | 19.0 | 2009 | 18.6 | 2010 | 19.2 | 2011 | 19.1 | 2012 | 19.2 | 2013 | 20.1 | 2014 | 19.7 | 2015 | 19.8 | 2016 | 20.2 | 2017 | 21.4 | 2018 | 22.9 | 2019 | 22.4 | 2020 | 22.6 | 2021 | 24.9 | 2022 | 24.9 | 2023 | 24.9 |
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(5) Excalibur Automobile Corporation.
Table 9 to § 531.5(
Model year | Miles per
gallon | 1978 | 11.5 | 1979 | 11.5 | 1980 | 16.2 | 1981 | 17.9 | 1982 | 17.9 | 1983 | 16.6 | 1984 | 16.6 | 1985 | 16.6 |
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(6) Lotus Cars Ltd.
Table 10 to § 531.5(
Model year | Miles per
gallon | 1994 | 24.2 | 1995 | 23.3 |
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(7) Officine Alfieri Maserati, S.p.A.
Table 11 to § 531.5(
Model year | Miles per
gallon | 1978 | 12.5 | 1979 | 12.5 | 1980 | 9.5 | 1984 | 17.9 | 1985 | 16.8 |
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(8) Lamborghini of North America.
Table 12 to § 531.5(
Model year | Miles per
gallon | 1983 | 13.7 | 1984 | 13.7 |
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(9) LondonCoach Co., Inc.
Table 13 to § 531.5(
Model year | Miles per
gallon | 1985 | 21.0 | 1986 | 21.0 | 1987 | 21.0 |
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(10) Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A./Vector Aeromotive Corporation.
Table 14 § 531.5(
Model year | Miles per
gallon | 1995 | 12.8 | 1996 | 12.6 | 1997 | 12.5 |
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(11) Dutcher Motors, Inc.
Table 15 to § 531.5(
Model year | Miles per
gallon | 1986 | 16.0 | 1987 | 16.0 | 1988 | 16.0 | 1992 | 17.0 | 1993 | 17.0 | 1994 | 17.0 | 1995 | 17.0 |
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(12) MedNet, Inc.
Table 16 to § 531.5(
Model year | Average
fuel economy standard (miles per gallon) | 1996 | 17.0 | 1997 | 17.0 | 1998 | 17.0 |
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(13) Vector Aeromotive Corporation.
Table 17 to § 531.5(
Model year | Miles per
gallon | 1998 | 12.1 |
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(14) Qvale Automotive Group Srl.
Table 18 to § 531.5(
Model year | Miles per
gallon | 2000 | 22.0 | 2001 | 22.0 |
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(15) Spyker Automobielen B.V.
Table 19 to § 531.5(
Model year | (Miles per
gallon) | 2006 | 18.9 | 2007 | 18.9 | 2008 | 19.6 | 2009 | 19.6 | 2010 | 20.7 |
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(16) Ferrari.
Table 20 to § 531.5(
Model year | (Miles per
gallon) | 2016 | 21.7 | 2017 | 21.5 | 2018 | 21.6 | 2020 | 21.1 |
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(17) Koenigsegg.
Table 21 to § 531.5(
Model year | (Miles per
gallon) | 2015 | 16.7 | 2018 | 16.7 | 2019 | 16.6 | 2020 | 16.6 | 2021 | 16.6 | 2022 | 16.9 | 2023 | 16.9 |
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(18) McLaren.
Table 22 to § 531.5(
Model year | (Miles per
gallon) | 2012 | 23.2 | 2013 | 24.0 | 2014 | 23.8 | 2015 | 22.9 | 2016 | 23.2 | 2017 | 24.3 | 2018 | 23.3 | 2019 | 22.5 | 2020 | 22.5 | 2021 | 21.5 | 2022 | 24.6 | 2023 | 25.7 |
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(19) Mobility Ventures.
Table 23 to § 531.5(
Model year | (Miles per
gallon) | 2014 | 19.6 | 2015 | 20.1 | 2016 | 20.1 |
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(20) Pagani.
Table 24 to § 531.5(
Model year | (Miles per
gallon) | 2014 | 15.6 | 2016 | 15.6 | 2017 | 15.6 | 2018 | 15.6 | 2019 | 15.5 | 2020 | 15.5 | 2021 | 15.5 | 2022 | 15.5 | 2023 | 15.5 |
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