(a) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, each manufacturer of passenger automobiles shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy standards in table 1 to this paragraph (a), expressed in miles per gallon, in the model year specified as applicable:

(b) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, for model year 2011, a manufacturer's passenger automobile fleet shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy level calculated for that model year according to figure 1 and the appropriate values in table 2 to this paragraph (b).

Figure 1 to Paragraph (b) Where: N is the total number (sum) of passenger automobiles produced by a manufacturer; Ni is the number (sum) of the ith passenger automobile model produced by the manufacturer; and Ti is the fuel economy target of the ith model passenger automobile, which is determined according to the following formula, rounded to the nearest hundredth: Where: Parameters a, b, c, and d are defined in table 2 to this paragraph (b); e = 2.718; and x = footprint (in square feet, rounded to the nearest tenth) of the vehicle model.

(c) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, for model years 2012-2031, a manufacturer's passenger automobile fleet shall comply with the fleet average fuel economy level calculated for that model year according to this figure 2 and the appropriate values in this table 3 to this paragraph (c).

Figure 2 to Paragraph (c) Where: CAFErequired is the fleet average fuel economy standard for a given fleet (domestic passenger automobiles or import passenger automobiles); Subscript i is a designation of multiple groups of automobiles, where each group's designation, i.e., i = 1, 2, 3, etc., represents automobiles that share a unique model type and footprint within the applicable fleet, either domestic passenger automobiles or import passenger automobiles; Productioni is the number of passenger automobiles produced for sale in the United States within each ith designation, i.e., which share the same model type and footprint; TARGETi is the fuel economy target in miles per gallon (mpg) applicable to the footprint of passenger automobiles within each ith designation, i.e., which share the same model type and footprint, calculated according to figure 3 to this paragraph (c) and rounded to the nearest hundredth of a mpg, i.e., 35.455 = 35.46 mpg, and the summations in the numerator and denominator are both performed over all models in the fleet in question. Figure 3 to Paragraph (c) Where: TARGET is the fuel economy target (in mpg) applicable to vehicles of a given footprint (FOOTPRINT, in square feet); Parameters a, b, c, and d are defined in table 3 to this paragraph (c); and The MIN and MAX functions take the minimum and maximum, respectively, of the included values.

(d) In addition to the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, each manufacturer, other than manufacturers subject to standards in paragraph (e) of this section, shall also meet the minimum fleet standard for domestically manufactured passenger automobiles expressed in table 4 to this paragraph (d):

(e) The following manufacturers shall comply with the standards indicated in paragraphs (e)(1) through (15) of this section for the specified model years:

(1) Avanti Motor Corporation.

(2) Rolls-Royce Motors, Inc.

(3) Checker Motors Corporation.

(4) Aston Martin Lagonda Limited.

(5) Excalibur Automobile Corporation.

(6) Lotus Cars Ltd.

(7) Officine Alfieri Maserati, S.p.A.

(8) Lamborghini of North America.

(9) LondonCoach Co., Inc.

(10) Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A./Vector Aeromotive Corporation.

(11) Dutcher Motors, Inc.

(12) MedNet, Inc.

(13) Vector Aeromotive Corporation.

(14) Qvale Automotive Group Srl.

(15) Spyker Automobielen B.V.

(16) Ferrari.

(17) Koenigsegg.

(18) McLaren.

(19) Mobility Ventures.

(20) Pagani.

[87 FR 26070, May 2, 2022, as amended at 89 FR 12756, Feb. 20, 2024; 89 FR 52945, June 24, 2024; 89 FR 60833, July 29, 2024]