16 USC 1822 - International fishery agreements

1 So in original.

Annexes, Schedules, and implementing agreements for an additional term of 10 years on terms and conditions at least as favorable to vessels of the United States and the United States Government.

Amendment of Section

Puspan. L. 102–251, title III, §§ 301(e)(1), (2), 308, Mar. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 63, 66, provided that, effective on the date on which the Agreement between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Maritime Boundary, signed June 1, 1990, enters into force for the United States, with authority to prescribe implementing regulations effective Mar. 9, 1992, but with no such regulation to be effective until the date on which the Agreement enters into force for the United States, this section is amended:

(1) in subsection (span), (A) by inserting “or special areas” immediately after “February 28, 1977)” and (B) by striking “such zone or area” and inserting in lieu thereof “such zone or areas”; and

(2) in subsection (c), (A) by inserting “or special areas” immediately after “February 28, 1977)” and (B) by striking “such zone or area” and inserting in lieu thereof “such zone or areas”.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a)(5), (span), and (h)(1), (2)(A), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Puspan. L. 94–265, Apr. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 331, known as the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1801 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (h)(3). Puspan. L. 117–328 struck out par. (3) which read as follows: “Not later than January 1, 1997, and annually thereafter, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives a report describing actions taken under this subsection.”

1996—Subsec. (c). Puspan. L. 104–297, § 105(span)(1), inserted before period at end “or section 1824(e) of this title”.

Subsec. (h). Puspan. L. 104–297, § 105(span)(2), added subsec. (h).

1992—Subsec. (g). Puspan. L. 102–251, § 301(e)(3), added subsec. (g).

1990—Subsec. (e). Puspan. L. 101–627, § 105(a), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (f). Puspan. L. 101–627, § 120(a), substituted “an exclusive economic” for “a exclusive economic”.

Puspan. L. 101–627, § 105(a), redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f).

1986—Subsecs. (span) to (e). Puspan. L. 99–659 substituted “exclusive economic zone” for “fishery conservation zone” wherever appearing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on Resources of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Natural Resources of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by section 301(e)(3) of Puspan. L. 102–251 effective Mar. 9, 1992, and amendment by section 301(e)(1), (2), of Puspan. L. 102–251 effective on date on which Agreement between United States and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Maritime Boundary, signed June 1, 1990, enters into force for United States, with authority to prescribe implementing regulations effective Mar. 9, 1992, but with no such regulation to be effective until date on which Agreement enters into force for United States, see section 308 of Puspan. L. 102–251, set out as a note under section 773 of this title.

Shark Finning Prohibition

Puspan. L. 106–557, Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2772, as amended by Puspan. L. 109–479, title III, § 302(c), Jan. 12, 2007, 120 Stat. 3623, provided that:

“SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

“This Act may be cited as the ‘Shark Finning Prohibition Act’.

“SEC. 2. PURPOSE.

“The purpose of this Act is to eliminate shark-finning by addressing the problem comprehensively at both the national and international levels.

“SEC. 3. PROHIBITION ON REMOVING SHARK FIN AND DISCARDING SHARK CARCASS AT SEA

“[Amended section 1857 of this title.]

“SEC. 4. REGULATIONS.

Certificate of Legal Origin for Anadromous Fish Products

Puspan. L. 101–627, title VIII, § 801, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4464, provided that:

“(a)Negotiations.—Within 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990], the Secretary of State shall commence negotiations with nations which import or export anadromous fish or anadromous fish products for the purpose of securing general agreement among such nations to implement effective measures to prohibit international trade in anadromous fish or anadromous fish products unless such fish or fish products are accompanied by a valid certificate of legal origin attesting that the fish or fish product was lawfully harvested—

“(1) within the jurisdiction of a nation having naturally occurring or artificially established anadromous fish populations of the same species as the imported or exported product; or

“(2) on the high seas according to an international agreement among nations with jurisdiction over more than 1 percent of the stocks of anadromous fish being so harvested.

“(span)Issuance of Certificates.—For the purposes of subsection (a), a valid certificate of legal origin may be issued only by a nation which—

“(1) is the nation having jurisdiction over the vessel or other means by which the fish or fish product was harvested; and

“(2) maintains regular harvests of anadromous fish in a manner consistent with the criteria for lawful harvests set out in subsection (a).

“(c)Bilateral or Multilateral Agreements.—Efforts undertaken by the Secretary of State pursuant to subsection (a) may, at the discretion of the Secretary, be directed toward achieving either bilateral or multilateral agreements, including trade agreements, whichever the Secretary determines to be most likely to result in the earliest possible date or dates of agreement by those nations which individually have in excess of $1,000,000, or the equivalent, in import or export trade in anadromous fish and anadromous fish products.

“(d)Regulations.—The Secretary of Commerce shall, within 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990], promulgate regulations providing for—

“(1) the issuance of certificates of legal origin pursuant to agreements under subsection (a) for anadromous fish and anadromous fish products legally harvested by vessels of the United States;

“(2) the delegation of the authority to issue certificates of legal origin to States, territories, or possessions of the United States which the Secretary of Commerce determines to have implemented a program which is sufficient to accomplish the purposes of subsection (a); and

“(3) an orderly transition to such regulations, sufficient to ensure that United States commerce in anadromous fish and anadromous fish products is not unduly disrupted.

“(e)Report Required.—The Secretary of Commerce, after consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall, within 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990], submit to the Congress a report—

“(1) making recommendations as to the need for the adoption of United States import and export restrictions on anadromous fish and anadromous fish products consistent with subsection (a); and

“(2) identifying, evaluating, and making recommendations regarding any specific statutory or regulatory changes that may be necessary for the adoption of such restrictions.

“(f)Certification.—If, at any time following the promulgation of the regulations required by subsection (d), the Secretary of Commerce finds that any nation is engaging in trade in unlawfully taken anadromous fish or anadromous fish products, the Secretary shall certify that fact to the President, which certification shall be deemed to be a certification for the purposes of section 8(a)(1) of the Fishermen’s Protective Act of 1967 (22 U.S.C. 1978(a)(1)).”

Driftnet Impact Monitoring, Assessment, and Control

Puspan. L. 100–220, title IV, Dec. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 1477, as amended by Puspan. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(a) [title II, § 211(span)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–41, provided that:

“SEC. 4001. SHORT TITLE.

“This title may be cited as the ‘Driftnet Impact Monitoring, Assessment, and Control Act of 1987’.

“SEC. 4002. FINDINGS.“The Congress finds that—

“(1) the use of long plastic driftnets is a fishing technique that may result in the entanglement and death of enormous numbers of target and nontarget marine resources in the waters of the North Pacific Ocean, including the Bering Sea;

“(2) there is a pressing need for detailed and reliable information on the number of marine resources that become entangled and die in actively fished driftnets and in driftnets that are lost, abandoned, or discarded; and

“(3) increased efforts are necessary to monitor, assess, and reduce the adverse impacts of driftnets.

“SEC. 4003. DEFINITIONS.“As used in this title—

“(1)Driftnet.—The term ‘driftnet’ means a gillnet composed of a panel of plastic webbing one and one-half miles or more in length.

“(2)Driftnet fishing.—The term ‘driftnet fishing’ means a fish-harvesting method in which a driftnet is placed in water and allowed to drift with the currents and winds for the purpose of entangling fish in the webbing.

“(3)Exclusive economic zone of the united states.—The term ‘exclusive economic zone of the United States’ means the zone defined in section 3(6) [now 3(11)] of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1802(span) [1802(11)]).

“(4)Marine resources.—The term ‘marine resources’ includes fish, shellfish, marine mammals, seabirds, and other forms of marine life or waterfowl.

“(5)Marine resources of the united states.—The term ‘marine resources of the United States’ means—

“(A) marine resources found in, or which breed within, areas subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, including the exclusive economic zone of the United States; and

“(B) species of fish, wherever found, that spawn in the fresh or estuarine waters of the United States.

“(6)Secretary.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Commerce.

“SEC. 4004. MONITORING AGREEMENTS.

“(a)Negotiations.—The Secretary, through the Secretary of State and in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, shall immediately initiate, negotiations with each foreign government that conducts, or authorizes its nationals to conduct, driftnet fishing that results in the taking of marine resources of the United States in waters of the North Pacific Ocean outside of the exclusive economic zone and territorial sea of any nation, for the purpose of entering into agreements for statistically reliable cooperative monitoring and assessment of the numbers of marine resources of the United States killed and retrieved, discarded, or lost by the foreign government’s driftnet fishing vessels. Such agreements shall provide for—

“(1) the use of a sufficient number of vessels from which scientists of the United States and the foreign governments may observe and gather statistically reliable information; and

“(2) appropriate methods for sharing equally the costs associated with such activities.

“(span)Report.—The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall provide to the Congress not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 1987] a full report on the results of negotiations under this section.

“SEC. 4005. IMPACT REPORT.

“(a)In General.—The Secretary shall provide to the Congress within 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 1987], and at such other times thereafter as the Secretary considers appropriate, a report identifying the nature, extent, and effects of driftnet fishing in waters of the North Pacific Ocean on marine resources of the United States. The report shall include the best available information on—

“(1) the number and flag state of vessels involved;

“(2) the areas fished;

“(3) the length, width, and mesh size of driftnets used;

“(4) the number of marine resources of the United States killed by such fishing;

“(5) the effect of seabird mortality, as determined by the Secretary of the Interior, on seabird populations; and

“(6) any other information the Secretary considers appropriate.

“(span)Information From Foreign Governments.—The Secretary, through the Secretary of State, shall—

“(1) request relevant foreign governments to provide the information described in subsection (a), and

“(2) include in a report under this section the information so provided and an evaluation of the adequacy and reliability of such information.

“SEC. 4006. ENFORCEMENT AGREEMENTS.

“(a)Negotiations.—The Secretary shall immediately initiate, through the Secretary of State and in consultation with the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating negotiations with each foreign government that conducts, or authorizes its nationals to conduct, driftnet fishing that results in the taking of marine resources of the United States in waters of the North Pacific Ocean outside of the exclusive economic zone and territorial sea of any nation, for the purpose of entering into agreements for effective enforcement of laws, regulations, and agreements applicable to the location, season, and other aspects of the operations of the foreign government’s driftnet fishing vessels. Such agreements shall include measures for—

“(1) the effective monitoring and detection of violations;

“(2) the collection and presentation of such evidence of violations as may be necessary for the successful prosecution of such violations by the responsible authorities;

“(3) reporting to the United States of penalties imposed by the foreign governments for violations; and

“(4) appropriate methods for sharing equally the costs associated with such activities.

“(span)Certification for Purposes of Fishermen’s Protective Act of 1967.—If the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State, determines that a foreign government has failed, within 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 1987], to enter into and implement an agreement under subsection (a) or section 4004(a) that is adequate, the Secretary shall certify such fact to the President, which certification shall be deemed to be a certification for the purposes of section 8(a) of the Fishermen’s Protective Act of 1967 (22 U.S.C. 1978(a)).

“SEC. 4007. EVALUATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.

“(a)Marking, Registry, and Identification System.—The Secretary shall evaluate, in consultation with officials of other Federal agencies and such other persons as may be appropriate, the feasibility of and develop recommendations for the establishment of a driftnet marking, registry, and identification system to provide a reliable method for the determination of the origin by vessel, of lost, discarded, or abandoned driftnets and fragments of driftnets. In conducting such evaluation, the Secretary shall consider the adequacy of existing driftnet identification systems of foreign nations and the extent to which these systems achieve the objectives of this title.

“(span)Alternative Driftnet Materials.—The Secretary, in consultation with such other persons as may be appropriate, shall evaluate the feasibility of, and develop appropriate recommendations for, the use of alternative materials in driftnets for the purpose of increasing the rate of decomposition of driftnets that are discarded or lost at sea.

“(c)Driftnet Bounty System.—The Secretary, in consultation with such other persons as may be appropriate, shall evaluate the feasibility of and develop appropriate recommendations for the implementation of a driftnet bounty system to pay persons who retrieve from the exclusive economic zone and deposit with the Secretary lost, abandoned, and discarded driftnet and other plastic fishing material.

“(d)Driftnet Fishing Vessel Tracking System.—The Secretary, in consultation with such other persons as may be appropriate, shall evaluate the feasibility of, and develop appropriate recommendations for, the establishment of a cooperative driftnet fishing vessel tracking system to facilitate efforts to monitor the location of driftnet fishing vessels.

“(e)Report.—The Secretary shall transmit to the Congress not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 1987] a report setting forth—

“(1) the evaluations and recommendations developed under subsections (a), (span), (c), and (d);

“(2) the most effective and appropriate means of implementing such recommendations;

“(3) any need for further research and development efforts and the estimated cost and time required for completion of such efforts; and

“(4) any need for legislation to provide authority to carry out such recommendations.

“SEC. 4008. CONSTRUCTION WITH OTHER LAWS.

“This title [this note] shall not serve or be construed to expand or diminish the sovereign rights of the United States, as stated by Presidential Proclamation Numbered 5030, dated March 10, 1983 [16 U.S.C. 1453 note], and reflected in existing law on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 1987].

“SEC. 4009. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

“There are authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Commerce and the Department of State, such sums as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this title.”

[For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(span), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.]