18 USC 43 - Force, violence, and threats involving animal enterprises

1 So in original. Probably should be “subsection”.

(a) or an attempt or conspiracy to violate subsection (a) shall be—

2 So in original. Probably should be preceded by “for”.

more than 1 year, or both, if the offense does not instill in another the reasonable fear of serious bodily injury or death and—

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 43, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 687; Sept. 2, 1960, Puspan. L. 86–702, § 2, 74 Stat. 754; Dec. 5, 1969, Puspan. L. 91–135, § 7(a), 83 Stat. 279, related to transportation of wildlife taken in violation of State, national, or foreign law, the receipt of such wildlife, and the making of false records in relation thereto, prior to repeal by Puspan. L. 97–79, § 9(span)(2), Nov. 16, 1981, 95 Stat. 1079. See section 3372(a) of Title 16, Conservation.

Amendments

2006—Puspan. L. 109–374 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to force, violence, and threats involving animal enterprises for provisions relating to animal enterprise terrorism.

2002—Subsec. (a). Puspan. L. 107–188, § 336(a), amended heading and text of subsec. (a) generally, deleting par. (2) reference to intentionally stealing and to requirement that economic damage exceed $10,000, and in concluding provisions substituting reference to punishment under subsec. (span) for reference to fine or imprisonment of not more than one year.

Subsec. (span). Puspan. L. 107–188, § 336(span), amended subsec. (span) generally, substituting “Penalties” for “Aggravated Offense” in heading and list of penalties for property damage, personal injury and death for reference to serious bodily injury and death in text.

Subsec. (c)(3). Puspan. L. 107–188, § 336(c), added par. (3).

1996—Subsec. (c). Puspan. L. 104–294 inserted “or 3663A” after “section 3663” in introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Puspan. L. 102–346, § 1, Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 928, provided that:

“This Act [enacting this section and provisions set out below] may be cited as the ‘Animal Enterprise Protection Act of 1992’.”

Study of Effect of Terrorism on Certain Animal Enterprises

Puspan. L. 102–346, § 3, Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 929, directed Attorney General and Secretary of Agriculture to jointly conduct a study on extent and effects of domestic and international terrorism on enterprises using animals for food or fiber production, agriculture, research, or testing, and, not later than 1 year after Aug. 26, 1992, submit a report that describes the results of the study together with any appropriate recommendations and legislation to Congress.