Section was enacted as part of the Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act of 1998, and not as part of subtitles C to F of title VI of Puspan. L. 102–550 which comprise this chapter.

Section effective and applicable beginning upon Oct. 1, 1999, except as otherwise provided, with provision that Secretary may implement any provision of this section before such date, except to extent otherwise provided, see section 503 of Puspan. L. 105–276, set out as an Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note under section 1437 of this title.