View all text of Subchapter III [§ 18641 - § 18655]
§ 18641. Basic energy sciences
(a) Program
(b) Sustainable chemistry
(c) Energy Frontier Research Centers
(1) In general
(2) Collaborations
(3) Selection and duration
(A) In general
(B) Existing centers
(C) Reapplication
(D) Termination
(4) No funding for construction
(d) Basic energy sciences user facilities
(1) In general
(2) Requirements
(3) Included facilitiesThe national user facilities developed, constructed, operated, or maintained under paragraph (1) shall include—
(A) x-ray light sources;
(B) neutron sources;
(C) nanoscale science research centers;
(D) autonomous chemistry and materials synthesis and characterization facilities that leverage advances in artificial intelligence; and
(E) such other facilities as the Director considers appropriate, consistent with section 7139 of this title.
(4) Advanced Photon Source upgrade
(A) DefinitionsIn this paragraph:
(i) Flux
(ii) Hard x-ray
(B) Upgrade
(C) Start of operations
(D) Funding
(5) Spallation Neutron Source proton power upgrade
(A) In general
(B) Proton power upgrade definedIn this paragraph, the term “proton power upgrade” means the Spallation Neutron Source power upgrade described in—
(i) the publication entitled “Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook”, published by the Office of Science of the Department in December, 2003;
(ii) the publication entitled “Four Years Later: An Interim Report on Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook”, published by the Office of Science of the Department in August, 2007; and
(iii) the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, entitled “Report on Facility Upgrades”.
(C) Start of operations
(D) FundingOut of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (j), there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph—
(i) $17,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(ii) $14,202,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
(iii) $1,567,000 for fiscal year 2025.
(6) Spallation Neutron Source second target station
(A) In general
(B) Second target station definedIn this paragraph, the term “second target station” means the Spallation Neutron Source second target station described in—
(i) the publication entitled, “Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook”, published by the Office of Science of the Department in December, 2003;
(ii) the publication entitled, “Four Years Later: An Interim Report on Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook”, published by the Office of Science of the Department in August, 2007; and
(iii) the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, entitled “Report on Facility Upgrades”.
(C) Start of operations
(D) FundingOut of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (j), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this paragraph, including construction—
(i) $127,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(ii) $205,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
(iii) $279,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
(iv) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
(v) $281,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
(7) Advanced Light Source upgrade
(A) DefinitionsIn this paragraph:
(i) Flux
(ii) Soft x-ray
(B) Upgrade
(C) Start of operations
(D) FundingOut of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (j), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph—
(i) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(ii) $102,500,000 for fiscal year 2024;
(iii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
(iv) $1,400,000 for fiscal year 2026.
(8) Linac Coherent Light Source II high energy upgrade
(A) DefinitionsIn this paragraph:
(i) High energy
(ii) High repetition rate
(iii) Ultra-short pulse
(B) UpgradeThe Secretary shall—
(i) provide for the upgrade to the Linac Coherent Light Source II facility described in the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, entitled “Report on Facility Upgrades”, including the development of experimental capabilities for high energy x-rays to reveal fundamental scientific discoveries; and
(ii) ensure such upgrade enables the production and use of high energy, ultra-short pulse x-rays delivered at a high repetition rate.
(C) Start of operations
(D) FundingOut of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (j), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph—
(i) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(ii) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
(iii) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
(iv) $99,343,000 for fiscal year 2026.
(9) Cryomodule repair and maintenance facility
(A) In general
(B) Consultation required
(C) FundingOut of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (j), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this paragraph—
(i) $29,300,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(ii) $24,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
(iii) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
(iv) $15,700,000 for fiscal year 2026.
(10) Nanoscale Science Research Center recapitalization project
(A) In general
(B) FundingOut of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (j), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the recapitalization under this paragraph—
(i) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; and
(ii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2024.
(11) National Synchrotron Light Source II beamline buildout
(A) In general
(B) Start of operationsSubject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary—
(i) shall begin carrying out subparagraph (A) not later than September 30, 2036; and
(ii) may begin carrying out subparagraph (A)—(I) in calendar year 2033; or(II) after the construction of individual beamlines is complete.
(e) Accelerator research and development
(f) Omitted
(g) Omitted
(h) Computational materials and chemical sciences
(1) In generalThe Director shall support a program of research and development for the application of advanced computing practices to foundational and emerging research problems in chemistry and materials science. Research activities shall include—
(A) chemical catalysis research and development;
(B) the use of large data sets to model materials phenomena, including through advanced characterization of materials, materials synthesis, processing, and innovative use of experimental and theoretical data;
(C) codesign of chemical system and chemistry modeling software with advanced computing systems and hardware technologies; and
(D) modeling of chemical processes, assemblies, and reactions such as molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry, including through novel computing methods.
(2) Computational materials and chemical sciences centers
(A) In generalIn carrying out the activities authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall select and establish up to 6 computational materials and chemical sciences centers to—
(i) develop open-source, robust, and validated computational codes and user-friendly software, coupled with innovative use of experimental and theoretical data, to enable the design, discovery, and development of new materials and chemical systems; and
(ii) focus on overcoming challenges and maximizing the benefits of exascale and other high performance computing underpinned by accelerated node technologies.
(B) Selection
(C) Duration
(i) New centers
(ii) Existing centers
(D) Renewal
(i) Materials research database
(1) In general
(2) ProgramIn carrying out this subsection, the Director shall—
(A) conduct cooperative research among National Laboratories, industry, academia, and other research institutions to advance understanding, prediction, and manipulation of materials and facilitate the design of novel materials;
(B) develop and maintain data infrastructure at user facilities that generate data to collect, analyze, label, and otherwise prepare the data for inclusion in the database;
(C) leverage existing high performance computing systems to conduct high throughput calculations, and develop computational and data mining algorithms for the prediction of material properties;
(D) strengthen the foundation for new technologies and advanced manufacturing; and
(E) drive the development of advanced materials for applications that span the Department’s missions in energy, environment, and national security.
(3) Coordination
(4) Funding
(j) Authorization of appropriationsOut of funds authorized to be appropriated to the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this section—
(1) $2,685,414,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(2) $2,866,890,840 for fiscal year 2024;
(3) $2,987,727,170 for fiscal year 2025;
(4) $3,062,732,781 for fiscal year 2026; and
(5) $3,080,067,167 for fiscal year 2027.
(Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 303, Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3140; Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10102(a), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1409.)