View all text of Subchapter III [§ 18641 - § 18655]
§ 18643. High-energy physics
(a) Sense of Congress
It is the sense of Congress that—
(1) the Director should incorporate the findings and recommendations of the report of the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel entitled “Building for Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle Physics in the Global Context” into the planning process of the Department; and
(2) the nations that lead in particle physics by hosting international teams dedicated to a common scientific goal attract the world’s best talent and inspire future generations of physicists and technologists.
(b) Program
(c) High energy frontier research
(d) International collaboration
The Director shall—
(1) as practicable and in coordination with other appropriate Federal agencies as necessary, ensure the access of United States researchers to the most advanced accelerator facilities and research capabilities in the world, including the Large Hadron Collider;
(2) to the maximum extent practicable, continue to leverage United States participation in the Large Hadron Collider, and prioritize expanding international partnerships and investments in the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment; and
(3) to the maximum extent practicable, prioritize engagement in collaborative efforts in support of future international facilities that would provide access to the most advanced accelerator facilities in the world to United States researchers.
(e) Neutrino research
(f) Cosmic frontier research
The Director shall carry out research activities on the nature of the primary contents of the universe, including the nature of dark energy and dark matter. These activities shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be consistent with the research priorities identified by the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel or the National Academy of Sciences, and may include—
(1) collaborations with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, or international partners on relevant projects; and
(2) the development of space-based, land-based, water-based, and underground facilities and experiments.
(g) Facility construction and major items of equipment
(1) Projects
Consistent with the Office of Science’s project management practices, the Director shall, to the maximum extent practicable, by incorporating the findings and recommendations of the 2014 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report entitled “Building for Discovery”, support construction or fabrication of—
(A) an international Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility based in the United States;
(B) the Proton Improvement Plan II;
(C) Second Generation Dark Matter experiments;
(D) the Legacy Survey of Space and Time camera;
(E) upgrades to detectors and other components of the Large Hadron Collider; and
(F) the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project; and
(G) other high priority projects recommended in the most recent report of the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel.
(2) Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility
(A) In general
(B) Facility capabilities
The Secretary shall ensure that the facility described in subparagraph (A) will provide, at a minimum, the following capabilities:
(i) A neutrino beam with wideband capability of 1.2 megawatts of beam power and upgradable to 2.4 megawatts of beam power.
(ii) 3 caverns excavated for a 70 kiloton fiducial detector mass and supporting surface buildings and utilities.
(iii) Cryogenic systems to support neutrino detectors.
(C) Start of operations
(D) Funding
Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (k), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out construction of the project described in subparagraph (A)—
(i) $180,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(ii) $255,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
(iii) $305,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
(iv) $305,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
(v) $305,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
(3) Proton Improvement Plan–II accelerator upgrade project
(A) In general
(B) Facility capabilities
The Secretary shall ensure that the facility described in subparagraph (A) will provide, at a minimum, the following capabilities:
(i) A state-of-the-art 800 megaelectron volt superconducting linear accelerator.
(ii) Proton beam power of 1.2 megawatts at the start of LBNF/DUNE, upgradeable to 2.4 megawatts of beam power.
(iii) A flexible design to enable high power beam delivery to multiple users simultaneously and customized beams tailored to specific scientific needs.
(iv) Sustained high reliability operation of the Fermilab accelerator complex.
(C) Start of operations
(D) Funding
Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (k), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out construction of the facility described in subparagraph (A)—
(i) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(ii) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
(iii) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
(iv) $115,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
(v) $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
(4) Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4
(A) In general
(B) Consultation
(C) Experimental capabilities
(D) Start of operations
(E) Funding
Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (k), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out construction of the facility described in subparagraph (A)—
(i) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(ii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
(iii) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
(iv) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
(v) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
(h) Accelerator and detector upgrades
(i) Accelerator and detector research and development
(j) Underground science
The Director shall—
(1) support an underground science program consistent with the missions of the Department and the scientific needs of the High Energy Physics program, including those articulated in the most recent report of the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel, that leverages the capabilities of relevant underground science and engineering facilities;
(2) carry out a competitive grant program to award scientists and engineers at institutions of higher education, nonprofit institutions, and National Laboratories to conduct research in underground science and engineering; and
(3) submit to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report on the inventory of underground mines in the United States that may be suitable for future development of underground science and engineering facilities and any anticipated challenges associated with repurposing, repair, facility siting, or construction.
(k) Authorization of appropriations
Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this section—
(1) $1,159,520,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(2) $1,289,891,200 for fiscal year 2024;
(3) $1,428,284,672 for fiscal year 2025;
(4) $1,499,881,752 for fiscal year 2026; and
(5) $1,554,874,657 for fiscal year 2027.
(Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 305, Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3147; Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10106, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1445.)