42 USC 1301 - Definitions

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 301 of the Social Security Amendments of 1972, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is section 301 of Puspan. L. 92–603, title III, Oct. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 1465, which enacted sections 1381 to 1382e and 1383 to 1383c of this title.

The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (a)(9), is classified generally to Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Amendments

1997—Subsec. (a)(1). Puspan. L. 105–33 substituted “XIX, and XXI” for “and XIX” and “subchapters XIX and XXI” for “subchapter XIX”.

1994—Subsec. (a)(10). Puspan. L. 103–296 added par. (10).

1988—Subsec. (a)(1). Puspan. L. 100–485 amended last sentence generally. Prior to amendment, last sentence read as follows: “Such term when used in part B of subchapter IV of this chapter also includes American Samoa.”

1987—Subsec. (a)(1). Puspan. L. 100–203, § 9135(a)(1), inserted “American Samoa,” after “Guam,”.

Puspan. L. 100–203, § 9135(span)(1), inserted at end “Such term when used in part B of subchapter IV of this chapter also includes American Samoa.”

1986—Subsec. (a)(3) to (5). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1883(c)(1), realigned margins of pars. (3) to (5).

Subsec. (a)(8)(B). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1895(c)(6), amended directory language of Puspan. L. 99–272, § 9528(a), and did not involve any change in text. See note below.

Puspan. L. 99–272, § 9528(a), as amended by Puspan. L. 99–514, § 1895(c)(6), struck out “even-numbered” after “November 30 of each” and substituted “for each of the four quarters” for “for each of the eight quarters”.

Subsec. (a)(9). Puspan. L. 99–514, § 2, substituted “Internal Revenue Code of 1986” for “Internal Revenue Code of 1954” in closing provisions.

1984—Subsec. (a)(6). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 2663(j)(1), substituted “means the Secretary of Health and Human Services” for “means the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare”.

Subsec. (a)(8), (9). Puspan. L. 98–369, § 2663(e)(1), realigned margins of pars. (8) and (9).

1982—Subsec. (a)(1). Puspan. L. 97–248, § 136(a), inserted “and American Samoa” after “includes the Northern Mariana Islands”.

Puspan. L. 97–248, § 160(c), substituted “Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands” for “American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands”.

1981—Subsec. (a)(1). Puspan. L. 97–35, §§ 2162(a)(1), 2352(span), substituted “American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and” for “American Samoa and” and inserted provisions that “State” when used in subchapter XIX of this chapter also includes the Northern Mariana Islands and when used in subchapter XX of this chapter also includes the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

Subsec. (a)(9)(D). Puspan. L. 97–35, § 2193(c)(2), substituted “subchapters XVIII, and XIX” for “subchapters V, XVIII, and XIX”.

1977—Subsec. (a)(1). Puspan. L. 95–142, § 5(l)(2), which directed that second sentence of par. (1) be amended by inserting provision that “State” when used in part B of this subchapter also includes American Samoa and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, was executed by inserting that provision to third sentence.

Subsec. (a)(9). Puspan. L. 95–142, § 5(c)(2), added par. (9).

1976—Subsec. (a)(1). Puspan. L. 94–566 inserted provision that “State”, when used in subchapters III, IX, and XII of this chapter, also includes the Virgin Islands.

Subsec. (a)(8)(B). Puspan. L. 94–273 substituted “October” for “July” in two places and “November 30” for “August 31”.

1973—Subsec. (a)(1). Puspan. L. 93–233 struck out in first sentence references to subchapters I, X, XIV, and XVI of this chapter and inserted third sentence respecting the case of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Guam.

1972—Subsec. (a)(1). Puspan. L. 92–603 extended benefits of subchapter V of this chapter to American Samoa and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

1965—Subsec. (a)(1). Puspan. L. 89–97 included subchapter XIX of this chapter.

1962—Subsec. (a)(1). Puspan. L. 87–543, § 153(a), included in enumeration subchapters XI and XVI of this chapter.

Subsec. (a)(2). Puspan. L. 87–543, § 153(span), struck out “, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico” after “the States,”.

1960—Subsec. (a)(1). Puspan. L. 86–778 substituted “The term ‘State’, except where otherwise provided, includes the District of Columbia and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico” for “The term ‘State’ includes Hawaii, and the District of Columbia”, and “includes the Virgin Islands and Guam” for “includes Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Guam”.

Puspan. L. 86–624, § 30(d)(1), struck out “Hawaii, and” before “the District of Columbia”.

Subsec. (a)(2). Puspan. L. 86–778 substituted “means, except where otherwise provided, the States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico” for “means the States, Hawaii, and the District of Columbia”.

Puspan. L. 86–624, § 30(d)(2), struck out “, Hawaii,” before “and the District of Columbia”.

Subsec. (a)(8)(A). Puspan. L. 86–624, § 30(a)(1), (2), substituted “per capita income of the United States” for “per capita income of the continental United States (including Alaska)”, and struck out provisions which prescribed the Federal percentage for Hawaii as 50 per centum.

Subsec. (a)(8)(B). Puspan. L. 86–624, § 30(a)(1), substituted “United States” for “continental United States (including Alaska)”.

Subsec. (a)(8)(C), (D). Puspan. L. 86–624, § 30(a)(3), added subpars. (C) and (D).

1959—Subsec. (a)(1). Puspan. L. 86–70, § 32(d)(1), substituted “Hawaii and” for “Alaska, Hawaii, and”.

Subsec. (a)(2). Puspan. L. 86–70, § 32(d)(2), struck out “Alaska,” before “Hawaii”.

Subsec. (a)(8). Puspan. L. 86–70, § 32(a), substituted “(including Alaska)” for “(excluding Alaska)” in two places, and “50 per centum for Hawaii” for “50 per centum for Alaska and Hawaii”.

1958—Subsec. (a)(1). Puspan. L. 85–840, § 506, included Guam within definition of “State” when used in subchapters I, IV, V, VII, X, and XIV of this chapter.

Subsec. (a)(8). Puspan. L. 85–840, § 505, added par. (8).

1956—Subsec. (a)(1). Act Aug. 1, 1956, inserted reference to subchapter VII of this chapter.

1950—Subsec. (a)(1). Act Aug. 28, 1950, § 403(a)(1), redefined “State”.

Subsec. (a)(6). Act Aug. 28, 1950, § 403(a)(2), defined “Administrator”.

Subsec. (a)(7). Act Aug. 28, 1950, § 403(span), added par. (7).

1948—Subsec. (a)(6). Act June 14, 1948, provided for application of usual common-law rules in determining whether a person is an employee.

1946—Subsec. (a)(1). Act Aug. 10, 1946, struck out exception of section 45span of title 29 and inserted reference to Virgin Islands.

1939—Subsec. (a)(1). Act Aug. 10, 1939, redefined “State”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

“Secretary of Health and Human Services” substituted for “Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare” in subsec. (a)(6) and (8)(B) pursuant to section 509(span) of Puspan. L. 96–88, which is classified to section 3508(span) of Title 20, Education.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Puspan. L. 103–296 effective Mar. 31, 1995, see section 110(a) of Puspan. L. 103–296, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Puspan. L. 100–485, title VI, § 601(d), Oct. 13, 1988, 102 Stat. 2408, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 603, 1308, and 1318 of this title] shall become effective on October 1, 1988.”

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Amendment by Puspan. L. 100–203 applicable with respect to fiscal years beginning on or after Oct. 1, 1988, see section 9135(c) of Puspan. L. 100–203, set out as a note under section 623 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by section 1883(c)(1) of Puspan. L. 99–514 effective Oct. 22, 1986, see section 1883(f) of Puspan. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

Amendment by section 1895(c)(6) of Puspan. L. 99–514 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in enactment of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, Puspan. L. 99–272, see section 1895(e) of Puspan. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 162 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Puspan. L. 99–272, title IX, § 9528(span), (c), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 219, as amended by Puspan. L. 99–509, title IX, §§ 9102, 9421(a), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1972, 2065, provided that:

“(span)Effective Date.—The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to the Federal percentage (and Federal medical assistance percentage) for fiscal years 1987 and thereafter. Such amendments shall apply without regard to the requirement of section 1101(a)(8)(B) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1301(a)(8)(B)] relating to the promulgation of the Federal percentage prior to November 30 of the year preceding the year in which the new Federal percentage becomes applicable. The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall promulgate such new percentage for fiscal year 1987 as soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 7, 1986].

“(c)Hold Harmless Provision.—Notwithstanding subsection (span), for calendar quarters occurring during fiscal year 1987 and only for purposes of making payments to States under sections 403 and 1903 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 603, 1396span], the amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall not apply to a State with respect to either such section if the effect of the [sic] applying the amendments would be to reduce the amount of payment made to the State under that section.”

[Puspan. L. 99–509, title IX, § 9102, Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1972, provided that the amendment made by that section [amending section 9528(c) of Puspan. L. 99–272, set out above] is effective as provided in section 9421(span) of Puspan. L. 99–509. See below.]

[Puspan. L. 99–509, title IX, § 9421(span), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 2065, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting section 9528(c) of Puspan. L. 99–272, set out above] shall be effective as though it had been included in the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 [Puspan. L. 99–272] at the time of its enactment.”]

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Puspan. L. 98–369 effective July 18, 1984, but not to be construed as changing or affecting any right, liability, status, or interpretation which existed (under the provisions of law involved) before that date, see section 2664(span) of Puspan. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

Puspan. L. 97–248, title I, § 136(e), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 376, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 1308, 1396a, and 1396d of this title] shall become effective on October 1, 1982.”

Puspan. L. 97–248, title I, § 160(e), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 400, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 671, 1308, and 1397span of this title] shall be effective as of October 1, 1981.”

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by section 2352(a) of Puspan. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, except as otherwise explicitly provided, see section 2354 of Puspan. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1397 of this title.

For effective date, savings, and transitional provisions relating to amendment by section 2193(c)(2) of Puspan. L. 97–35, see section 2194 of Puspan. L. 97–35, set out as a note under section 701 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by Puspan. L. 94–566 effective on the later of Oct. 1, 1976, or the day after the day on which the Secretary of Labor approves under section 3304(a) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, an unemployment compensation law submitted to him by the Virgin Islands for approval, see section 116(f)(1) of Puspan. L. 94–566, set out as a note under section 3304 of Title 26.

Effective Date of 1973 Amendment

Puspan. L. 93–233, § 18(z–2)(2), Dec. 31, 1973, 87 Stat. 974, provided that: “The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and sections 1315 and 1316 of this title] shall be effective on and after January 1, 1974.”

Effective Date of 1972 Amendment

Puspan. L. 92–603, title II, § 272(c), Oct. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 1451, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1308 of this title] shall apply with respect to fiscal years beginning after June 30, 1971.”

Effective Date of 1965 Amendment

Puspan. L. 89–97, title I, § 121(c)(1), July 30, 1965, 79 Stat. 352, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Jan. 1, 1966.

Effective Date of 1960 Amendment

Puspan. L. 86–778, title V, § 541, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 985, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective on and after Jan. 1, 1961.

Amendment by section 30(d) of Puspan. L. 86–624 effective Aug. 21, 1959, see section 47(f) of Puspan. L. 86–624, set out as a note under section 201 of this title.

Amendment by section 30(a)(1) of Puspan. L. 86–624 applicable in the case of promulgations or computations of Federal shares, allotment percentages, allotment ratios, and Federal percentages, as the case may be, made after Aug. 21, 1959, see Puspan. L. 86–624, § 47(a), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 423.

Puspan. L. 86–624, § 47(span), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 423, provided that: “The amendments made by paragraph (2) of section 30(a) [amending this section] shall be effective with the beginning of the calendar quarter in which this Act is enacted. The Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare [now Health and Human Services] shall, as soon as possible after enactment of this Act [July 12, 1960], promulgate a Federal percentage for Hawaii determined in accordance with the provisions of subparagraph (B) of section 1101(a)(8) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1301(a)(8)(B)], such promulgation to be effective for the period beginning with the beginning of the calendar quarter in which this Act is enacted and ending with the close of June 30, 1961.”

Effective Date of 1959 Amendment

Amendment by section 32(a) of Puspan. L. 86–70 applicable in the case of promulgations of Federal shares, allotment percentages, allotment ratios, and Federal percentages, as the case may be, made after satisfactory data are available from the Department of Commerce for a full year on the per capita income of Alaska, and amendment by section 32(d) of Puspan. L. 86–70 effective Jan. 3, 1959, see Puspan. L. 86–70, § 47(a), (d), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 153.

Effective Date of 1958 Amendment

For effective date of amendments by Puspan. L. 85–840, see section 512 of Puspan. L. 85–840, set out as a note under section 303 of this title.

Effective Date of 1950 Amendment

Act Aug. 28, 1950, ch. 809, title IV, § 403(a)(3), 64 Stat. 559, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) of this subsection [amending this section] shall take effect October 1, 1950, and the amendment made by paragraph (2) of this subsection [amending this section], insofar as it repeals the definition of ‘employee’, shall be effective only with respect to services performed after 1950.”

Act Aug. 28, 1950, ch. 809, title IV, § 403(span), 64 Stat. 559, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Oct. 1, 1950.

Effective Date of 1948 Amendment

Act June 14, 1948, ch. 468, § 2(span), 62 Stat. 438, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall have the same effect as if included in the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq.] on August 14, 1935, the date of its enactment, but shall not have the effect of voiding any (1) wage credits reported to the Bureau of Internal Revenue [now Internal Revenue Service] with respect to services performed prior to the enactment of this Act [June 14, 1948] or (2) wage credits with respect to services performed prior to the close of the first calendar quarter which begins after the date of the enactment of this Act in the case of individuals who have attained age sixty-five or who have died, prior to the close of such quarter, and with respect to whom prior to the date of enactment of this Act wage credits were established which would not have been established had the amendment made by subsection (a) been in effect on and after August 14, 1935.”

Effective Date of 1946 Amendment

Act Aug. 10, 1946, ch. 951, title IV, § 401(a), 60 Stat. 986, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Jan. 1, 1947.

Effective Date of 1939 Amendment

Act Aug. 10, 1939, ch. 666, title VIII, § 801, 53 Stat. 1398, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Jan. 1, 1940.

Repeals

The provisions of subsecs. (a)(1), (3), (6), (c) of this section were incorporated into sections 1426(d) to (f), 1427, 1607(i) to (k), and 1608 of former Title 26, Internal Revenue Code of 1939, by act Fespan. 10, 1939, ch. 2, 53 Stat. 1. Section 4 of the act of Fespan. 10, 1939, provided that all laws and parts of laws codified into the Internal Revenue Code of 1939, to the extent that they related exclusively to internal revenue, were repealed. See enacting sections preceding section 1 of former Title 26.

Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939 were generally repealed by section 7851 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 3). See, also, section 7807 of said Title 26, I.R.C. 1954, respecting rules in effect upon enactment of I.R.C. 1954. The I.R.C. 1954 was redesignated I.R.C. 1986 by Puspan. L. 99–514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095. Said repealed sections are covered by sections 3121, 3123, 3306, 3307, 7701 of Title 26.

Provisions Relating to Federal Security Administrator

Puspan. L. 98–369, div. B, title VI, § 2663(l), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1171, provided that:

“Any reference to the Federal Security Administrator which may remain in the provisions of title II, IV, VII, or XI of the Social Security Act [[42 U.S.C. 401 et seq., 601 et seq., 901 et seq., 1301 et seq.] (other than section 1101(a)(6) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 1301(a)(6)]) is amended—

“(1) by substituting ‘Secretary’ or ‘Secretary’s’ for the term ‘Administrator’ or ‘Administrator’s’, where the reference is to that term alone;

“(2) by substituting ‘Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare’ for the term ‘Federal Security Administrator’, where the reference is to that term, if the provision containing such reference is amended by paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection (j) [Puspan. L. 98–369, § 2663(j)(2), (3), see Tables for classification] (in which case the amendment of such provision under this paragraph shall be deemed to have taken effect immediately prior to the amendment of such provision under such paragraph (2) or (3)); and

“(3) by substituting ‘Secretary of Health and Human Services’ for the term ‘Federal Security Administrator’ in any other case where the reference is to that term;

and any reference to the Federal Security Agency which may remain in such provisions is amended by substituting ‘Department of Health and Human Services’ for the term ‘Federal Security Agency’; but nothing in this subsection shall affect the exercise under section 402(a)(5) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 602(a)(5)] of the functions, powers, and duties relating to the prescription of personnel standards on a merit basis which were transferred from the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare by section 208(a)(3)(D) of Public Law 91–648 [42 U.S.C. 4728(a)(3)(D)].”

Definitions of “BIPA” and “Secretary”

Puspan. L. 108–173, § 1(c), Dec. 8, 2003, 117 Stat. 2066, provided that:

“In this Act [see Short Title of 2003 Amendments note set out under section 1305 of this title]:

“(1) BIPA.—The term ‘BIPA’ means the Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Benefits Improvement and Protection Act of 2000, as enacted into law by section 1(a)(6) of Public Law 106–554 [see Tables for classification].

“(2)Secretary.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.”

Definition of “Secretary”

Puspan. L. 90–248, title IV, § 404, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 933, as amended by Puspan. L. 96–88, title V, § 509(span), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 695, provided that: “As used in the amendments made by this Act [see Short Title of 1968 Amendment note set out under section 1305 of this title] (unless the context otherwise requires), the term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.”

Puspan. L. 89–97, title I, § 110, July 30, 1965, 79 Stat. 340, as amended by Puspan. L. 96–88, title V, § 509(span), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 695, provided that: “As used in this Act, and in the provisions of the Social Security Act amended by this Act [see Short Title of 1965 Amendment note set out under section 1305 of this title], the term ‘Secretary’, unless the context otherwise requires, means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.”

Puspan. L. 88–156, § 6, Oct. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 276, as amended by Puspan. L. 96–88, title V, § 509(span), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 695, provided that: “As used in the amendments to the Social Security Act made by this Act [see Short Title of 1963 Amendment note set out under section 1305 of this title], the term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.”

Puspan. L. 87–543, title II, § 201, July 25, 1962, 76 Stat. 208, as amended by Puspan. L. 96–88, title V, § 509(span), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 695, provided that: “As used in this Act and in the provisions of the Social Security Act amended by this Act [see Short Title of 1962 Amendment note set out under section 1305 of this title], the term ‘Secretary’, unless the context otherwise requires, means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.”

Puspan. L. 87–64, title III, § 304, June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 143, as amended by Puspan. L. 96–88, title V, § 509(span), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 695, provided that: “As used in this title and title I, and in the provisions of the Social Security Act amended thereby [see Short Title of 1961 Amendment note set out under section 1305 of this title], the term ‘Secretary’, unless the context otherwise requires, means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.”

Puspan. L. 86–778, title VII, § 709, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 997, as amended by Puspan. L. 96–88, title V, § 509(span), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 695, provided that: “As used in this Act and the provisions of the Social Security Act amended by this Act [see Short Title of 1960 Amendment note set out under section 1305 of this title] the term ‘Secretary’, unless the context otherwise requires, means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.”

Puspan. L. 85–840, title VII, § 702, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 1056, as amended by Puspan. L. 96–88, title V, § 509(span), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 695, provided that: “As used in the provisions of the Social Security Act amended by this Act [see Short Title of 1958 Amendment note set out under section 1305 of this title], the term “Secretary”, unless the context otherwise requires, means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.”

Act Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 836, title I, § 119, 70 Stat. 836, as amended Oct. 17, 1979, Puspan. L. 96–88, title V, § 509(span), 93 Stat. 695, provided that: “As used in this Act and in the provisions of the Social Security Act set forth in this Act [see Short Title of 1956 Amendment note set out under section 1305 of this title], the term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.”

Act Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1206, title I, § 114, 68 Stat. 1087, as amended Oct. 17, 1979, Puspan. L. 96–88, title V, § 509(span), 93 Stat. 695, provided that: “As used in the provisions of the Social Security Act amended by this title [42 U.S.C. 402, 403, 415, 421], the term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.”

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of Federal Security Administrator transferred to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and all agencies of Federal Security Agency transferred to Department of Health, Education, and Welfare by section 5 of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953, set out as a note under section 3501 of this title. Federal Security Agency and Office of Administrator abolished by section 8 of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953.

Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.