Denaturants prescribed in this part shall comply with the specifications set forth in this subpart. However, in order to meet requirements of national defense or for other valid reasons, the appropriate TTB officer may, pursuant to written application filed by the denaturer, authorize variations from such specifications or authorize the use of substitute denaturants if such variation or substitution will not jeopardize the revenue. Each such application shall identify the applicant by name, address, and permit number; state the number of each formula of specially denatured alcohol involved; explain why the use of the substitute denaturant, or the variation from specifications, as the case may be, is necessary; and include, as applicable, either the identity of the approved denaturant for which substitution is desired and the identity of the substitute denaturant (including the name of the manufacturer) or the identity of the prescribed specifications and the proposed variation from those specifications. The application shall be accompanied by an 8-ounce sample of the proposed denaturing material for analysis. The authorization of a substitute denaturant may be published in a TTB Ruling.

Denaturing materials and products listed in this part as “U.S.P.” or “N.F.” shall meet the specifications set forth in the current United States Pharmacopoeia or National Formulary, or the latest volume of these publications in which the denaturants appeared as official preparations.

(a) Aldehyde content (as acetaldehyde). Not less than 95.0 percent by weight.

(b) Color. Colorless.

(c) Odor. Characteristic pungent, fruity odor.

(d) Specific gravity at 15.56 °/15.56 °C. Not less than 0.7800.

(a) Purity. Not less than 90 percent by weight acetaldol as determined by the following method:

(b) Specific gravity at 20 °C. 1.098 to 1.105.

(a) API gravity at 60 °F. 70.4.

(b) Reid vapor pressure (PSI). 5.60 maximum.

(c) Distillation ( °F):

(i) I.B.P. 109.0.

(ii) 10 percent. 186.6.

(iii) 50 percent. 221.1.

(iv) 90 percent. 271.8.

(v) End point distillation. 375.7.

(a) Boiling point at 752mm 218.8-219.4 °C.

(b) Density at 15° 0.9386.

(c) Refractive index at 20° 1.4831.

(a) Alkalinity. Strongly alkaline to litmus.

(b) Ammonia content. 27 to 30 percent by weight. Accurately weigh a glass-stoppered flask containing 25 mL of water, add about 2 mL of the sample, stopper, and weigh again. Add methyl red indicator, and titrate with 1 N sulfuric acid. Each mL of 1 N sulfuric acid is equivalent to 17.03 mg of NH3

(c) Color. Colorless liquid.

(d) Non-volatile residue. 2 mg maximum. Dilute a portion of the sample with 1 1/2 times its volume of distilled water. Evaporate 10 mL of this product to dryness in a tared platinum or porcelain dish. Dry residue at 105 °C. for 1 hour, cool and weigh.

(e) Odor. Characteristic (exceedingly pungent).

(f) Specific gravity at 20 °/4 °C. 0.8920 to 0.9010.

(a) Identification test. Add a few drops of concentrated nitric acid to about 10 mg of brucine alkaloid. A vivid red color is produced. Dilute the red solution with a few drops of water and add a few drops of freshly made dilute stannous chloride solution. A reddish purple (violet) color is produced.

(b) Melting point. 178 °±1 °C. Dry the alkaloid in an oven for one hour at 100 °C., increase the temperature to 110° and dry to a constant weight before taking melting point.

(c) Strychnine test. Brucine alkaloid shall be free of strychnine when tested by the method listed under Brucine Sulfate, N.F. IX.

(d) Sulfate test. No white precipitate is formed that is not dissolved by hydrochloric acid when several drops of a 1 N barium chloride solution are added to 10 mL of a solution of the alkaloid.

(a) Acidity (as acetic acid). 0.03 percent by weight maximum.

(b) Color. Colorless.

(c) Dryness at 20 °C. Miscible without turbidity with 10 volumes of 60° Bé1. gasoline.

(d) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(e) Specific gravity at 20 °/20 °C. 0.810 to 0.815.

(a) Acidity (as acetic acid). 0.003 percent by weight maximum.

(b) Color. Colorless.

(c) Distillation range. When 100 mL of tertiary butyl alcohol are distilled, none should distill below 78 °C. and none above 85 °C. More than 95 percent should distill between 81 °−83 °C.

(d) Dryness at 20 °C. Miscible without turbidity with 19 volumes of 60° Bé1. gasoline.

(e) Freezing point (first needle). Above 20 °C.

(f) Identification test. Place five drops of a solution containing approximately 0.1 percent tertiary butyl alcohol in ethyl alcohol in a test tube. Add 2 mL of Denige's reagent (dissolve 5 grams of red mercuric oxide in 20 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid; add this solution to 80 mL of distilled water, and filter when cool). Heat the mixture just to the boiling point and remove from the flame. A yellow precipitate forms within a few seconds.

(g) Nonvolatile matter. Less than 0.005 percent by weight.

(h) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(i) Residual odor after evaporation. None.

(j) Specific gravity at 25 °/25 °C. 0.780 to 0.786.

(a) The liquid caustic soda may consist of either 50 percent or 73 percent by weight sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution. The amount of caustic soda used shall be such that each 100 gallons of alcohol will contain not less than 8.76 pounds of sodium hyroxide, anhydrous basis.

(b) Color. A 2 percent solution of the sodium hydroxide in water shall be water-white.

(c) Assay. The sodium hydroxide content of the caustic soda solution shall be determined by the following procedure:

(a) Java type:

(1) Alcohol content (as Geraniol). Not less than 85 percent by weight.

(2) Aldehyde content (as Citronellal). Not less than 30 percent by weight.

(3) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.4660 to 1.4745.

(4) Specific gravity at 25 °/25 °C. 0.875 to 0.893.

(5) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(b) Ceylon type:

(1) Alcohol content (as Geraniol). Not less than 55 percent by weight.

(2) Aldehyde content (as Citronellal). Not less than 7 percent by weight.

(3) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.4790 to 1.4850.

(4) Specific gravity at 25 °/25 °C. 0.891 to 0.904.

(5) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(a) Specific gravity at 25 °C. 0.895 to 0.905.

(b) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.4580 to 1.4590.

(c) Optical rotation at 20 °C. −18° to −36°.

(d) Alcohol content (as menthol). 65 percent minimum.

(e) Ketone content (as menthone). 5 percent minimum.

(a) Specific gravity at 20 °C. 0.75 to 0.80.

(b) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(a) Refractive index at 25 °C. 1.497 to 1.502.

(b) Color. Colorless.

(c) Odor. Practically odorless.

(d) Solubility. Soluble in 20 parts of 60 percent alcohol.

(e) Specific gravity at 25 °/25 °C. 1.115 to 1.118.

(f) Ester content (as diethyl phthalate). Not less than 99 percent by weight.

(a) Specific gravity at 25 °C. 0.850 to 0.870.

(b) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.4740 to 1.4780.

(c) Optical rotation at 20 °C. +30° to +50°.

(d) Aldehyde content (as citral). 0.5 to 3.0 percent.

(e) Terpene content (as limonene). 45 percent minimum.

(a) 85 percent ester:

(1) Acidity (as acetic acid). Not more than 0.015 percent by weight.

(2) Color. Colorless.

(3) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(4) Ester content. Not less than 85 percent by weight.

(5) Specific gravity at 20 °/20 °C. Not less than 0.882.

(6) Distillation range. (For applicable ASTM method, see 1980 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 29, page 70, Standard No. D 302-58 (1975); for incorporation by reference, see § 21.6(b).) When 100 mL of ethyl acetate are distilled by this method, none shall distill below 70 °C., not more than 10 mL shall distill below 72 °C., and none above 80 °C.

(b) 100 percent ester:

(1) Acidity (as acetic acid). Not more than 0.010 percent by weight.

(2) Color. Colorless.

(3) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(4) Ester content. Not less than 99 percent by weight.

(5) Specific gravity at 20 °/20 °C. Not less than 0.899.

(6) Distillation range. (For applicable ASTM method, see 1980 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 29, page 433, Standard No. D 3127-77; for incorporation by reference, see § 21.6(b).) When 100 mL of ethyl acetate are distilled by this method, not more than 2 mL shall distill below 75 °C., and none above 80 °C. (760 mm).

(a) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(b) Specific gravity at 15.56 °/15.56 °C. Not more than 0.728.

(a) Purity. ≥95.0 percent.

(b) Color. Colorless to light yellow.

(c) Odor. Terpene-like.

(d) Specific gravity at 20 °C. 0.70 to 0.80.

(e) Boiling point ( °C). 73.

(a) Distillation range. When 100 mL of gasoline are distilled, none shall distill below 90 °F. Not more than 5 mL shall be collected below 140 °F., and not less than 50 mL shall distill below 230 °F.

(b) Odor. Characteristic odor.

Conforms to specifications as established by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) in the 1980 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 23, page 229, Standard No. D 439-79. Any of the “seasonal and geographical” volatility classes for unleaded gasoline are considered suitable as a denaturant. (For incorporation by reference, see § 21.6(b).)

(a) Distillation range. No distillate should come over below 200 °F. and none above 211 °F.

(b) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(a) General. Minimum 55 percent n-hexane.

(b) Distillation range. No distillate should come over below 150 °F and none above 160 °F.

(c) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(a) General. Minimum 97 percent purity.

(b) Distillation range. No distillate should come over below 150 °F and none above 160 °F.

(c) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(a) API Gravity at 60 °F. 40 to 65.

(b) Reid Vapor Pressure (PSI). 6 to 15.

(c) Isopropyl alcohol. 24 to 40 percent volume.

(d) Methyl alcohol. 1.6 to 9.6 percent volume.

(e) Diisopropyl ether (DIPE). 4 to 12 percent volume.

(f) tert-Butyl alcohol. 4 to 12 percent volume.

(g) Iso-pentane. 4 to 9 percent volume.

(h) Pentane. 4 to 9 percent volume.

(i) Pentene. 0 to 2.4 percent volume.

(j) Hexane. 2 to 6 percent volume.

(k) Heptane. 1 to 3 percent volume.

(l) Sulfur (ppm). 0 to 120.

(m) Benzene (% vol.). 0 to 1.1.

(n) Distillation ( °F):

(i) 10 percent. 80 to 168.

(ii) 50 percent. 250.

(iii) End point distillation. 437.

Specific gravity at 15.56 °/15.56 °C. 0.810 maximum.

(a) Distillation range. (For applicable ASTM method, see 1980 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 25, page 395, Standard No. D 3699-78 for burner fuel; see Part 23, page 849, Standard Nos. D 1655-80a for aviation turbine fuels and D 86-78 for distillation of petroleum products; for incorporation by reference, see § 21.6(b).) No distillate should come over below 340 °F. and none above 570 °F.

(b) Flash point. 115 °F. minimum.

(c) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(a) Distillation range. No distillate should come over below 340 °F. and none above 570 °F.

(b) Flash point. 155 °F. minimum.

(a) Specific gravity at 25 °C. 0.850 to 0.860.

(b) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.4570 to 1.4580.

(c) Optical rotation at 20 °C. +55° to +65°.

(d) Terpene content (as limonene). 65 percent minimum.

(a) Specific gravity at 25 °C. 0.955 to 0.965.

(b) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.495 to 1.500.

(c) Angular rotation. -57° to -62°.

(d) Assay. Not less than 97.0 percent.

Specific gravity at 15.56 °/15.56 °C. 0.810 maximum.

(a) Acidity (as acetic acid). 0.02 percent by weight, maximum.

(b) Color. Colorless.

(c) Distillation range. (For applicable ASTM method, see 1980 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 29, page 147, Standard No. D 1153-77; for incorporation by reference, see § 21.6(b).) No distillate should come over below 111 °C. and none above 117 °C.

(d) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(e) Specific gravity at 20 °/20 °C. 0.799 to 0.804.

(a) Acidity (as acetic acid). 0.02 percent by weight, maximum.

(b) Color. Colorless.

(c) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(d) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.396 to 1.404.

(e) Specific gravity at 20 °/20 °C. 0.800 to 0.835.

(f) Distillation range. No distillate should come over below 123 °C. and none above 129 °C.

(a) Purity. ≥ 97.0 percent.

(b) Color. Clear, colorless.

(c) Odor. Turpentine-like.

(d) Specific Gravity at 20 °C. 0.70 to 0.80.

(e) Boiling Point ( °C). 55.

(a) API Gravity at 60 °F. 30 to 85.

(b) Reid Vapor Pressure (PSI). 8 maximum.

(c) Specific Gravity at 20 °C. 0.70 to 0.80.

(d) Distillation ( °F):

(i) I.B.P. 85 maximum.

(ii) 10 percent. 130 maximum.

(iii) 50 percent. 250 maximum.

(iv) 90 percent. 340 maximum.

(e) End point distillation. 380 maximum.

(f) Copper corrosion. One (1).

(g) Sabolt color. 28 minimum.

Natural gasoline is a mixture of various alkanes including butane, pentane, and hexane hydrocarbons extracted from natural gas. It has a distillation range wherein no more than 10 percent by volume of the sample may distill below 97 °F; at least 50 percent by volume shall distill at or below 156 °F; and at least 90 percent by volume shall distill at or below 209 °F.

(a) Composition. Five gallons of an aqueous solution containing 40 percent nicotine; 3.6 avoirdupois ounces of methylene blue, U.S.P.; water sufficient to make 100 gallons.

(b) Color. One mL of the nicotine solution (previously agitated in the presence of air) is measured into 100 mL of water and thoroughly mixed. Fifty mL of this colored solution is compared, using Nessler tubes, with 50 mL of a standard color solution containing 5 grams of CuSO4·5H2 O, C.P. in 100 mL of water. The color intensity of the solution tested should be equal to or greater than that of the standard solution.

(c) Nicotine content. The above solution must contain not less than 1.88 percent of nicotine determined by the following process: 20 mL of the solution are measured into a 500 mL Kjeldahl flask provided with a suitable bulb tube, 50 mL of 0.1 N NaOH added and the mixture distilled in a current of steam until the distillate is no longer alkaline (about 500 mL). The distillate is then titrated with 0.1 N H2SO4 using rosolic acid or methyl red as indicator. Not less than 23.2 mL should be required for neutralization.

(a) Nitropropane content. A minimum of 94 percent by weight.

(b) Total nitroparaffin content. A minimum of 99 percent by weight.

(c) Distillation range. 119° to 113 °C.

(d) Specific gravity at 20°/20 °C. 0.992 to 1.003.

(a) Specific gravity at 25 °C. 0.890 to 0.910.

(b) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.455 to 1.465.

(c) Esters as menthyl acetate. 5 percent minimum.

(d) Menthol (free and esters). 5 percent minimum.

(a) Color. White or yellow.

(b) Specific gravity at 20 °C. 1.95 to 2.10.

(c) Melting point. 360 °C.

(d) Boiling point. 1320 °C.

(e) pH (0.1M solution). 13.5.

Pyronate is a product of the destructive distillation of hardwood meeting the following requirements:

(a) Acidity (as acetic acid). Not more than 0.1 percent by weight, determined as follows:

Add 5.0 mL sample to 100 mL distilled water in an Erlenmeyer flask and titrate with 0.1 N NaOH to a bromthymol blue endpoint.

(b) Color. The color shall be no darker than the color produced by 2.0 grams of potassium dichromate in 1 liter of water. The comparision shall be made in 4-ounce oil sample bottles viewed crosswise.

(c) Distillation range. When 100 mL are distilled not more than 5 mL shall distill below 70 °C., not less than 50 mL below 160 °C., and not less than 90 mL below 205 °C.

(a) Quassin is the bitter principle of quassia wood (occurring as a mixture of two isomeric forms). It shall be a good commercial grade of purified amorphous quassin, standardized as to bitterness.

(b) Bitterness. An aqueous solution of quassin shall be distinctly bitter at a 1 to 250,000 dilution. To test: Dissolve 0.1 gram of quassin in 100 mL of 95 percent alcohol, then dilute 4 mL of the solution to 1,000 mL with distilled water, mix well and taste.

(c) Identification test. Dissolve about 0.5 gram of quassin in 10 mL of 95 percent alcohol and filter. To 5 mL of the filtrate, add 5 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 1 mg of phloroglucinol and mix well. A red color develops.

(d) Optical assay. When 1 gram of quassin (in solution in a small amount of 95 percent alcohol) is dissolved in 10,000 mL of water, the absorbance of the solution in a 1 cm cell at a wavelength of 258 millimicrons shall not be less than 0.400.

(e) Solubility. When 0.5 gram of quassin is added to 25 mL of 190 proof alcohol, it shall dissolve completely.

(a) API Gravity at 60 °F. 30 to 85.

(b) Reid Vapor Pressure (PSI). 5 to 11.

(c) Octane (R+M/2). 66 to 70.

(d) Distillation ( °F):

(i) 10 percent. 120 to 150.

(ii) 50 percent. 144 to 180.

(iii) 90 percent. 168 to 200.

(iv) End point distillation. 216 to 285.

(a) Rubber hydrocarbon solvent is a petroleum derivative.

(b) Distillation range. When 10 percent of the sample has been distilled into a graduated receiver, the thermometer shall not read more than 170 °F. nor less than 90 °F. When 90 percent has been recovered in the receiver the thermometer shall not read more than 250 °F.

(a) Congealing point. 10.0° to 11.2 °C.

(b) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.5363 to 1.5385.

(c) Specific gravity at 15 °/15 °C. 1.100 to 1.107.

(d) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(a) Arsenic content. Not more than 1.4 parts per million as determined by the Gutzeit Method (AOAC method 25.020; for incorporation by reference, see § 21.6(c)).

(b) Color. White or orange.

(c) Rosin content. None when tested by the following method: Add 20 mL of absolute alcohol or glacial acetic acid (m. p. 13° to 15 °C.) to 2 grams of the shellac and thoroughly dissolve. Add 100 mL of petroleum ether and mix thoroughly. Add approximately 2 liters of water and separate a portion of the ether layer (at least 50 mL) and filter if cloudy. Evaporate the petroleum ether and test as follows: Solution A—5 mL of phenol dissolved in 10 mL of carbon tetrachloride. Solution B—1 mL of bromine dissolved in 4 mL of carbon tetrachloride. To the residue obtained above add 2 mL of Solution A and transfer the mixture to a porcelain spot plate, filling one cavity. Immediately fill an adjacent cavity with solution B. Cover the plate with a watch glass and observe any color formation in Solution A. A decided purple or deep indigo blue color is an indication of the presence of rosin.

(a) Carvone content. Not less than 85 percent by weight.

(b) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.4930 to 1.4980.

(c) Specific gravity at 25 °/25 °C. 0.949 to 0.956.

(d) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(a) Alcohol content (as borneol). Not less than 30 percent by weight.

(b) Esters (as bornyl acetate). Not less than 1.5 percent by weight.

(c) Refractive index at 20 °C. 1.4630 to 1.4680.

(d) Specific gravity at 25 °/25 °C. 0.893 to 0.909.

(e) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(a) General. Straight run gasoline is a mixture consisting predominantly (greater than 60 percent by volume) of C4, C5, C6, C7 and/or C8 hydrocarbons, and is either:

(1) A petroleum distillate coming straight from an atmospheric distillation unit without being cracked or reformed, or

(2) A condensate coming directly from an oil/gas recovery operation.

(b) API gravity. 72° minimum, 85° maximum.

(c) Reid vapor pressure (PSI). 15 maximum.

(d) Sulfur. 120 ppm maximum.

(e) Benzene. 1.1 percent by volume maximum.

(f) Distillation ( °F):

(1) 10 percent. 97 minimum, 158 maximum.

(2) 50 percent. 250 maximum.

(3) Final boiling point. 437 maximum.

(a) Sucrose octaacetate is an organic acetylation product occurring as a white or cream-colored powder having an intensely bitter taste.

(b) Free acid (as acetic acid). Maximum percentage 0.15 by weight when determined by the following procedure: Dissolve 1.0 gram of sample in 50 mL of neutralized ethyl alcohol (or S.D.A. No. 3-A, No. 3-C, or No. 30) and titrate with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide using phenolphthalein indicator.

(c) Insoluble matter. 0.30 percent by weight maximum.

(d) Melting point. Not less than 78.0 °C.

(e) Purity. Sucrose octaacetate 98 percent minimum by weight when determined by the following procedure: Transfer a weighed 1.50 grams sample to a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 mL of neutral ethyl alcohol (or S.D.A. No. 3-A, No. 3-C, or No. 30) and exactly 50.0 mL of 0.5 N sodium hydroxide. Reflux for 1 hour on a steam bath, cool and titrate the excess sodium hydroxide with 0.5 N sulfuric acid using phenolphthalein indicator.

(a) Specific Gravity at 15.56°/15.56 °C. 0.80 to 0.90.

(b) Boiling point ( °C). 110.6.

(c) Distillation range ( °C). Not more than 1 percent by volume should distill below 109, and not less than 99 percent by volume below 112.

(d) Odor. Characteristic odor.

(a) Vinegar, 90-grain:

Acidity (as acetic acid). 9.0 percent by weight, minimum.

(b) Vinegar, 60-grain:

Acidity (as acetic acid). 6.0 percent by weight, minimum.