View all text of Subpart P [§ 98.160 - § 98.168]
§ 98.164 - Monitoring and QA/QC requirements.
The GHG emissions data for hydrogen production process units must be quality-assured as specified in paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, as appropriate for each process unit, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section:
(a) If a CEMS is used to measure GHG emissions, then the facility must comply with the monitoring and QA/QC procedures specified in § 98.34(c).
(b) If a CEMS is not used to measure GHG emissions, then you must:
(1) Calibrate all oil and gas flow meters that are used to measure liquid and gaseous fuel and feedstock volumes (except for gas billing meters) according to the monitoring and QA/QC requirements for the Tier 3 methodology in § 98.34(b)(1). Perform oil tank drop measurements (if used to quantify liquid fuel or feedstock consumption) according to § 98.34(b)(2). Calibrate all solids weighing equipment according to the procedures in § 98.3(i).
(2) Determine the carbon content and the molecular weight annually of standard gaseous hydrocarbon fuels and feedstocks having consistent composition (e.g., natural gas) according to paragraph (b)(5) of this section. For gaseous fuels and feedstocks that have a maximum product specification for carbon content less than or equal to 0.00002 kg carbon per kg of gaseous fuel or feedstock, you may instead determine the carbon content and the molecular weight annually using the product specification's maximum carbon content and molecular weight. For other gaseous fuels and feedstocks (e.g., biogas, refinery gas, or process gas), sample and analyze no less frequently than weekly to determine the carbon content and molecular weight of the fuel and feedstock according to paragraph (b)(5) of this section.
(3) Determine the carbon content of fuel oil, naphtha, and other liquid fuels and feedstocks at least monthly, except annually for standard liquid hydrocarbon fuels and feedstocks having consistent composition, or upon delivery for liquid fuels and feedstocks delivered by bulk transport (e.g., by truck or rail) according to paragraph (b)(5) of this section. For liquid fuels and feedstocks that have a maximum product specification for carbon content less than or equal to 0.00006 kg carbon per gallon of liquid fuel or feedstock, you may instead determine the carbon content annually using the product specification's maximum carbon content.
(4) Determine the carbon content of coal, coke, and other solid fuels and feedstocks at least monthly, except annually for standard solid hydrocarbon fuels and feedstocks having consistent composition, or upon delivery for solid fuels and feedstocks delivered by bulk transport (e.g., by truck or rail) according to paragraph (b)(5) of this section.
(5) Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section for fuels and feedstocks with a carbon content below the specified levels, you must use the following applicable methods to determine the carbon content for all fuels and feedstocks, and molecular weight of gaseous fuels and feedstocks. Alternatively, you may use the results of chromatographic analysis of the fuel and feedstock, provided that the chromatograph is operated, maintained, and calibrated according to the manufacturer's instructions; and the methods used for operation, maintenance, and calibration of the chromatograph are documented in the written monitoring plan for the unit under § 98.3(g)(5).
(i) ASTM D1945-03 Standard Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(ii) ASTM D1946-90 (Reapproved 2006), Standard Practice for Analysis of Reformed Gas by Gas Chromatography (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(iii) ASTM D2013-07 Standard Practice of Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(iv) ASTM D2234/D2234M-07 Standard Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(v) ASTM D2597-94 (Reapproved 2004) Standard Test Method for Analysis of Demethanized Hydrocarbon Liquid Mixtures Containing Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide by Gas Chromatography (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(vi) ASTM D3176-89 (Reapproved 2002), Standard Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(vii) ASTM D3238-95 (Reapproved 2005), Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(viii) ASTM D4057-06 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(ix) ASTM D4177-95 (Reapproved 2005) Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(x) ASTM D5291-02 (Reapproved 2007), Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(xi) ASTM D5373-08 Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(xii) ASTM D6609-08 Standard Guide for Part-Stream Sampling of Coal (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(xiii) ASTM D6883-04 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Stationary Coal from Railroad Cars, Barges, Trucks, or Stockpiles (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(xiv) ASTM D7430-08ae1 Standard Practice for Mechanical Sampling of Coal (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(xv) ASTM UOP539-97 Refinery Gas Analysis by Gas Chromatography (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(xvi) GPA 2261-00 Analysis for Natural Gas and Similar Gaseous Mixtures by Gas Chromatography (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(xvii) ISO 3170: Petroleum Liquids—Manual sampling—Third Edition (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(xviii) ISO 3171: Petroleum Liquids—Automatic pipeline sampling—Second Edition (incorporated by reference, see § 98.7).
(xix) For fuels and feedstocks with a carbon content below the specified levels in paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section, if the methods listed in paragraphs (b)(5)(i) through (xviii) of this section are not appropriate because the relevant compounds cannot be detected, the quality control requirements are not technically feasible, or use of the method would be unsafe, you may use modifications of the methods listed in paragraphs (b)(5)(i) through (xviii) or use other methods that are applicable to your fuel or feedstock.
(c) You may use best available monitoring methods as specified in paragraph (c)(2) of this section for measuring the fuel used by each stationary combustion unit directly associated with hydrogen production (e.g., reforming furnace and hydrogen production process unit heater) that meets the criteria specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section. Eligibility to use best available monitoring methods ends upon the completion of any planned process unit or equipment shutdown after January 1, 2025.
(1) To be eligible to use best available monitoring methods, you must meet all criteria in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) The stationary combustion unit must be directly associated with hydrogen production (e.g., reforming furnace and hydrogen production process unit heater).
(ii) A measurement device meeting the requirements in paragraph (b)(1) of this section is not installed to measure the fuel used by each stationary combustion unit as of January 1, 2025.
(iii) The hydrogen production unit and associated stationary combustion unit are operated continuously.
(iv) Installation of a measurement device to measure the fuel used by each stationary combustion unit that meets the requirements in paragraph (b)(1) of this section must require a planned process equipment or unit shutdown or can only be done through a hot tap.
(2) Best available monitoring methods means any of the following methods:
(i) Monitoring methods currently used by the facility that do not meet the specifications of this subpart.
(ii) Supplier data.
(iii) Engineering calculations.
(iv) Other company records.